An evaluation of dentofacial changes in Angle's class II division 1 patients using AdvanSync 2.

Objectives: The purpose of the study is as follows: To evaluate the dental and skeletal changes of the AdvanSync 2 appliance.To evaluate the soft tissue changes of the AdvanSync 2 appliance using photometric analysis.

Methods: The sample size consisted of 15 patients who reported to the Department of Orthodontics, seeking fixed orthodontic treatment.

Comparative assessment of changes in pharyngeal airway space in cases of obstructive sleep apnoea with a customized mandibular repositioning appliance - a clinical study.

Objectives: The present study aims at evaluating the effects of a customized mandibular repositioning appliance on the pharyngeal airway, nocturnal sleep patterns, daytime discomfort and occlusal changes in established cases of adult obstructive sleep apnoea.

Material And Methods: Ten consecutive patients with a complaint of snoring and disturbed sleep were included in the study. The primary diagnosis was established by the Epworth sleepiness scale, clinical examination, history and subsequently the diagnosis was substantiated through assessment of the pharyngeal airway space on a lateral cephalogram and polysomnography.

Androgen Receptor Expression in Hypospadias.

Introduction: The exact mechanism behind the development of hypospadias is unclear. Research studies on androgen receptor (AR) expression are controversial with results stating all possible outcomes - AR elevated, similar, or reduced when compared to normal.

Aims: The aim is to study the AR expression and hormone levels in hypospadias patients and compare them with children having normal genitalia.

Nanostructured Hyaluronic Acid-based Materials for the Delivery of siRNA.

Background: The search for the effective treatment strategies to combat a disease that is characterized by abnormal cell growth and known as cancer is still required to reach its destiny. To address the problem, recently several gene therapies based on novel RNA interference (RNAi) have been proposed such as siRNA, micro RNA, shRNA, etc. out of which, siRNAs (silencing RNA) promises to show significant progress in pharmacotherapy, including considerable expansion of the druggable target space and the possibility of treating cancer.

A Comparative Evaluation of Interleukin 1 Beta and Prostaglandin E2 with and without Low-level Laser Therapy during Retraction.

Background And Objectives: Orthodontic forces are known to produce mechanical damage and inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs) and interleukin (IL)-1, in the periodontium and dental pulp. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a stimulator of the on-going biological process in tissue and found to be effective in modulating cell activity, which is involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Here, a humble effort has been made to study two such cytokines, namely IL-1 β and PG E2 (PGE2) which are partially responsible for bone turnover.

A Comparison of the Rate of Retraction with Low-level Laser Therapy and Conventional Retraction Technique.

Background And Objectives: A major concern of orthodontic patients is treatment time. Reducing the treatment time requires increasing the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Research has proved that bone resorption is the rate-limiting step in tooth movement.

Combination therapy with local radiofrequency ablation and systemic vaccine enhances antitumor immunity and mediates local and distal tumor regression.

Purpose: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive energy delivery technique increasingly used for focal therapy to eradicate localized disease. RFA-induced tumor-cell necrosis generates an immunogenic source of tumor antigens known to induce antitumor immune responses. However, RFA-induced antitumor immunity is insufficient to control metastatic progression.

Cytotoxicity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to hyperthermic and ablative temperature exposures: in vitro studies and mathematical modelling.

Purpose: Image-guided ablative therapies use temperatures greater than 45 °C to kill abnormal cells. There is limited published data of cell survival after ablative temperature exposures, which is of importance to predict ablation zone dimensions. The objective of this study was to determine and mathematically model survival of hepatocellular carcinoma cells following ablative temperature exposures (45-60 °C).

Radiopaque drug-eluting beads for transcatheter embolotherapy: experimental study of drug penetration and coverage in swine.

Purpose: To determine local doxorubicin levels surrounding radiopaque drug-eluting beads (DEBs) in normal swine liver and kidney following transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. The influence of bead size (70-150 μm or 100-300 μm) was compared with regard to tissue penetration and spatial distribution of the bead, as well as eventual drug coverage (ie, amount of tissue exposed to drug).

Materials And Methods: Radiopaque DEBs were synthesized by suspension polymerization followed by incorporation of iodized oil and doxorubicin.

Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of cyclic NGR peptide targeted thermally sensitive liposome.

The Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motif in both cyclic and linear form has previously been shown to specifically bind to CD13/aminopeptidase N that is selectively overexpressed in tumor vasculature and some tumor cells. However, previous versions of cyclic NGR used a liable disulfide bridge between cysteine residues that may be problematic for liposome targeting due to disulfide bond formation between adjacent peptides on the liposomal surface. In this study, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of a novel cyclic NGR-containing peptide, cKNGRE, which does not contain a disulfide bridge.

Class III beta-tubulin and gamma-tubulin are co-expressed and form complexes in human glioblastoma cells.

We have previously shown that the neuronal-associated class III beta-tubulin isotype and the centrosome-associated gamma-tubulin are aberrantly expressed in astrocytic gliomas (Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 2003, 55:77-96; J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2006, 65:455-467). Here we determined the expression, distribution and interaction of betaIII-tubulin and gamma-tubulin in diffuse-type astrocytic gliomas (grades II-IV) (n = 17) and the human glioblastoma cell line T98G. By immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, betaIII-tubulin and gamma-tubulin were co-distributed in anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas and to a lesser extent, in low-grade diffuse astrocytomas (P < 0.

Glioneuronal phenotype in a diencephalic pilomyxoid astrocytoma.

We report the presence of divergent populations of cells in a hypothalamic/chiasmatic pilomyxoid astrocytoma of an 11-month-old male, exhibiting differential immunohistochemical localizations for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and synaptophysin. The tumor cells were negative for Neu-N and neurofilament protein. Ultrastructurally, the tumor comprised 2 cell types, one with features attributable to a neuronal phenotype alongside cells exhibiting an overt astroglial phenotype.

Altered cellular distribution and subcellular sorting of gamma-tubulin in diffuse astrocytic gliomas and human glioblastoma cell lines.

Centrosome amplification is a pivotal mechanism underlying tumorigenesis but its role in gliomas is underinvestigated. The present study specifically examines the expression and distribution of the centrosome-associated cytoskeletal protein gamma-tubulin in 56 primary diffuse astrocytic gliomas (grades II-IV) and in 4 human glioblastoma cell lines (U87MG, U118MG, U138MG, and T98G). Monoclonal anti-peptide antibodies recognizing epitopes in C-terminal or N-terminal domains of the gamma-tubulin molecule were used in immunohistochemical, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting studies.