Somatic mutational landscape across Indian breast cancer cases by whole exome sequencing.

Breast cancer (BC) has emerged as the most common malignancy among females. The genomic profile of BC is diverse in nature and complex due to heterogeneity among various geographically different ethnic groups. The primary objective of this study was to carry out a comprehensive mutational analysis of Indian BC cases by performing whole exome sequencing.

Consensus guidelines for the management of HR-positive HER2/neu negative early breast cancer in India, SAARC region and other LMIC by DELPHI survey method.

Background: Precise prognostication is the key to optimum and effective treatment planning for early-stage hormone receptor (HR) positive, HER2/neu negative breast cancer patients. Differences in the breast cancer incidence and tumor anatomical features at diagnosis, pharmacogenomics data between Western and Indian women along with the vast diversity in the economic status and differences in insurance policies of these regions; suggest recommendations put forward for Western women might not be applicable to Indian/Asian women. Opinions from oncologists through a voting survey on various prognostic factors/tools to be considered for planning adjuvant therapy are consolidated in this report for the benefit of oncologists of the sub-continent, SAARC and Asia's LMIC (low and middle-income countries).

Hypo-fractionated accelerated radiotherapy with concurrent and maintenance temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: updated results from phase II HART-GBM trial.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) patients have poor survival outcomes despite treatment advances and most recurrences occur within the radiation field. Survival outcomes after dose escalation through hypofractionated accelerated RT(HART) were evaluated in this study. We previously reported the study's initial results showing similar survival outcomes with acceptable toxicities.

The issues and challenges with cancer biomarkers.

A biomarker is a measurable indicator used to distinguish precisely/objectively either normal biological state/pathological condition/response to a specific therapeutic intervention. The use of novel molecular biomarkers within evidence-based medicine may improve the diagnosis/treatment of disease, improve health outcomes, and reduce the disease's socio-economic impact. Presently cancer biomarkers are the backbone of therapy, with greater efficacy and better survival rates.

Advances in Radiation Oncology: Current Status and Future Directions in India.

Radiation therapy is one of the core components of the comprehensive cancer care. Several new advancements in the radiation physics, radiation biology, and technical upgradation have led us in to a new era of radiation oncology. The access to quality radiation therapy treatment however remains a concern, and this mini-review emphasizes on these issues and also focuses on the future directions for radiation oncology in India.

Cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and challenges.

Immunotherapy is a treatment that uses specific components of a person's immune system to fight diseases. This is usually done by stimulating or assisting one's immune system is attacking the offending agent - for instance, in the case of cancer - the target of immunotherapy will be cancer cells. Some types of immunotherapy are also called biologic therapy or biotherapy.

An updated account on molecular heterogeneity of acute leukemia.

The progress in the field of personalized therapy has been the backbone for the improved mortality and morbidity figure in cancer especially with reference to acute leukemia. The same has been supported by evolving research and development in the field of genomics. The newer discoveries of mutations and the account of already discovered mutations have been playing a pivotal role to refine management strategy.

Indian Council of Medical Research consensus document on hepatocellular carcinoma.

This document aims to assist oncologists in making clinical decisions encountered while managing their patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), specific to Indian practice, based on consensus among experts. Most patients are staged by Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system which comprises patient performance status, Child-Pugh status, number and size of nodules, portal vein invasion and metastasis. Patients should receive multidisciplinary care.

A systematic review of clinical and laboratory parameters of 3,000 COVID-19 cases.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide. It is still a pandemic and poses major health problem across the globe. In our review, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters of COVID-19 patients were compiled systematically, with special reference to pregnant women in order to understand the disease course.

Current status of human papillomavirus vaccination in India's cervical cancer prevention efforts.

Efforts are being made to scale up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for adolescent girls in India. Bivalent and quadrivalent HPV vaccines were licensed in the country in 2008, and a nonavalent vaccine was licensed in 2018. Demonstration projects initiated in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat in 2009 introduced HPV vaccination in public health services in India.

Demography, Pattern of Care, and Survival in Patients with Xanthoastrocytoma: A Systematic Review and Individual Patient Data Analysis of 325 Cases.

Xanthoastrocytoma (XA) is a low-grade glial tumor seen in young adults and there is lack of robust data on treatment of this rare tumor. In this systematic review and individual patient's data analysis, we aimed to look into the demography, pattern of care, survival outcomes, and prognostic factors in patients with both Grade II and III XA. A comprehensive search was conducted with the Medical Subject Heading terms: "Xanthoastrocytoma; Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma; Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma; Xanthoastrocytoma AND treatment; and Anaplastic Xanthoastrocytoma AND survival" to find all possible publications.

Feasibility of lung cancer screening in developing countries: challenges, opportunities and way forward.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of all cancer deaths worldwide, comprising 18.4% of all cancer deaths. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has shown mortality benefit in various trials and now a standard tool for lung cancer screening.

Environmental and occupational determinants of lung cancer.

Lung cancer has become a global problem, from a rare disease to an emerging public health issue. The current data of GLOBOCAN 2018, indicates that this disease has recorded highest mortality among all types of cancer. The etiological factors of lung cancer have become more multiplex because of increasing industrialization and environmental pollution around the world, especially in India.

Urinary Dysfunction Assessment in Long-Term Survivors of Carcinoma Cervix Using LENT SOMA Scale: An Indian Study Addressing Quality of Life Issues.

Background: Carcinoma cervix is the second most common type of cancer in the world. With the increasing proportion of women surviving carcinoma of the cervix, quality of life has been an important clinical issue. Since there are very few studies from India, this study is to assess urinary dysfunction issues in patients of carcinoma cervix treated with multimodality therapy using the LENT SOMA scores.

Impact of Cancer Awareness Drive on Generating Awareness of and Improving Screening for Cervical Cancer: A Study Among Schoolteachers in India.

Purpose: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in India. Our study assessed the level and impact of awareness programs in the adoption of safe practices in prevention and early detection.

Methods: This assessment was part of a Pink Chain Campaign, the mission of which is to fight cancer.

A short geriatric assessment tool for the older person with cancer in India-Development and psychometric validation.

Introduction: With rise in incidence and prevalence of cancers in the ageing population, the need for an age sensitive comprehensive assessment measure has been felt. Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is often difficult to implement due to time and logistic constraints. A brief assessment tool encompassing the specific domains of the CGA would be a better way to assess older adults with cancer.

Trends in Lung Cancer Incidence in Delhi, India 1988-2012: Age-Period-Cohort and Joinpoint Analyses.

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) has been one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, both in terms of new cases and mortality. Exponential growth of economic and industrial activities in recent decades in the Delhi urban area may have increased the incidence of LC. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the time trend according to gender.

Hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: a phase II randomized trial (HART-GBM trial).

Introduction: Maximal safe surgical resection followed by adjuvant chemoradiation has been standard for newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Hypofractionated accelerated radiotherapy (HART) has the potential to improve outcome as it reduces the overall treatment time and increases the biological effective dose.

Methods: Between October 2011 and July 2017, a total of 89 newly diagnosed GBM patients were randomized to conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CRT) or HART.

Patterns of care and impact of prognostic factors in the outcome of NUT midline carcinoma: a systematic review and individual patient data analysis of 119 cases.

Introduction: NUT midline carcinoma is a rare tumour occurring in young adults which is frequently misdiagnosed as poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma or germ cell tumour. Though considered highly aggressive, there is limited information about the clinical behaviour of such patients. We intended to perform this review of published literature to assess the demographic profile, pattern of care and assess survival outcomes.

Decreased Survival With Mastectomy Vis-à-Vis Breast-Conserving Surgery in Stage II and III Breast Cancers: A Comparative Treatment Effectiveness Study.

Purpose: The primary purpose of hospital-based cancer registries is assessing patient care. Clinical stage-based survival and treatment-based survival are some of the key parameters for such assessment. Because of the challenges in obtaining follow-up parameters, a separate study on patterns of care and survival was undertaken by the Indian National Cancer Registry Program.