Free mobility across group boundaries promotes intergroup cooperation.

Group cooperation is a cornerstone of human society, enabling achievements that surpass individual capabilities. However, groups also define and restrict who benefits from cooperative actions and who does not, raising the question of how to foster cooperation across group boundaries. This study investigates the impact of voluntary mobility across group boundaries on intergroup cooperation.

Deep learning for augmented process monitoring of scalable perovskite thin-film fabrication.

Reproducible large-area fabrication is one of the remaining challenges for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics. Imaging methods augmented with deep learning (DL) enable in-line detection of spatial or temporal inconsistencies and predict the impact of observed changes on device performance. In this work, we showcase three use cases of how DL augments complex experimental data analysis of the large-area perovskite thin film formation, even on moderate-sized datasets.

Single Cell Deletion of the Transcription Factors Trps1 and Sox9 in Astrocytes Reveals Novel Functions in the Adult Cerebral Cortex.

Astrocytes play key roles in brain function, but how these are orchestrated by transcription factors (TFs) in the adult brain and aligned with astrocyte heterogeneity is largely unknown. Here we examined the localization and function of the novel astrocyte TF Trps1 (Transcriptional Repressor GATA Binding 1) and the well-known astrocyte TF Sox9 by Cas9-mediated deletion using Mokola-pseudotyped lentiviral delivery into the adult cerebral cortex. Trps1 and Sox9 levels showed heterogeneity among adult cortical astrocytes, which prompted us to explore the effects of deleting either Sox9 or Trps1 alone or simultaneously at the single-cell (by patch-based single-cell transcriptomics) and tissue levels (by spatial transcriptomics).

Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Ceramic Implant for Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture Treatment: A Finite Element Analysis Approach.

This research investigates the biomechanical effects of a novel ceramic implant for the treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) based on the tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) method using finite element analysis (FEA). A 3D FEA of the tibiofemoral joint simulating the applied forces (44.5% of body weight) during the mid-stance phase (joint angle 135°) of the dog's stride was performed.

Clinical course for pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic pseudocysts due to severe acute or chronic pancreatitis.

Background: The acute and chronic pancreatitis (CP) can lead to severe complications like walled-off necrosis, large symptomatic pseudocyst or multiorgan failure. The treatment of these complications is multivariate and can differ from conservative, symptomatic treatment or minimal-invasive, endoscopic transgastral stenting to transgastral necrosectomy.

Objectives: This study aims to analyse the clinical course for patients that develop local complications of severe pancreatitis.

Immunotherapeutic Potential of Mutated NPM1 for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant disease of the blood and bone marrow that is characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells. Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) gene mutations are the most common genetic abnormality in AML, detectable in blast cells from about one-third of adults with AML. AML NPM1 is recognized as a separate entity in the World Health Organization classification of AML.

Feasibility, safety and efficacy of endoscopic single-operator cholangioscopy: a retrospective single-center study.

Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) is the standard endoscopic procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pancreas and bile ducts. Cholangioscopy provides direct visualization of the bile ducts. It offers the possibility of more detailed diagnostic and therapeutic indications.

Less is More: Selective reduction of CT data for self-supervised pre-training of deep learning models with contrastive learning improves downstream classification performance.

Background: Self-supervised pre-training of deep learning models with contrastive learning is a widely used technique in image analysis. Current findings indicate a strong potential for contrastive pre-training on medical images. However, further research is necessary to incorporate the particular characteristics of these images.

Contrast-Enhanced Intraoperative Ultrasound Shows Excellent Performance in Improving Intraoperative Decision-Making.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance and the impact of contrast-enhanced intraoperative ultrasound (CE-IOUS) on intraoperative decision-making, as there is still no standardized protocol for its use. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed multiple CE-IOUS performed in hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery with respect to pre- and postoperative imaging and histopathological findings.

Methods: Data of 50 patients who underwent hepato-pancreatic-biliary surgery between 03/2022 and 03/2024 were retrospectively collected.

Automatic heliostat learning for in situ concentrating solar power plant metrology with differentiable ray tracing.

Concentrating solar power plants are a clean energy source capable of competitive electricity generation even during night time, as well as the production of carbon-neutral fuels, offering a complementary role alongside photovoltaic plants. In these power plants, thousands of mirrors (heliostats) redirect sunlight onto a receiver, potentially generating temperatures exceeding 1000°C. Practically, such efficient temperatures are never attained.

The multiverse of universes: A tutorial to plan, execute and interpret multiverses analyses using the R package multiverse.

Even when guided by strong theories and sound methods, researchers must often choose a singular course of action from multiple viable alternatives. Regardless of the choice, it, along with all other choices made during the research process, individually and collectively affects study results, often in unpredictable ways. The inability to disentangle how much of an observed effect is attributable to the phenomenon of interest, and how much is attributable to what have come to be known as researcher degrees of freedom (RDF), slows theoretical progress and stymies practical implementation.

Direct neuronal reprogramming of mouse astrocytes is associated with multiscale epigenome remodeling and requires Yy1.

Direct neuronal reprogramming is a promising approach to regenerate neurons from local glial cells. However, mechanisms of epigenome remodeling and co-factors facilitating this process are unclear. In this study, we combined single-cell multiomics with genome-wide profiling of three-dimensional nuclear architecture and DNA methylation in mouse astrocyte-to-neuron reprogramming mediated by Neurogenin2 (Ngn2) and its phosphorylation-resistant form (PmutNgn2), respectively.

Toxicity-Induced Discontinuation of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Metastatic Urothelial Cancer: 6-Year Experience from a Specialized Uro-Oncology Center.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies have been established as the standard-of-care in various uro-oncological cancers. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are frequent, but their degree rarely leads to the discontinuation of immunotherapies. Unplanned permanent treatment discontinuation may negatively impact the outcomes of patients, but there are emerging data about a positive correlation between emergence of severe irAEs and therapeutic cancer responses.

Radiomics workflow definition & challenges - German priority program 2177 consensus statement on clinically applied radiomics.

Objectives: Achieving a consensus on a definition for different aspects of radiomics workflows to support their translation into clinical usage. Furthermore, to assess the perspective of experts on important challenges for a successful clinical workflow implementation.

Materials And Methods: The consensus was achieved by a multi-stage process.

Cold Versus Hot Snare Endoscopic Resection of Large Nonpedunculated Colorectal Polyps: Randomized Controlled German CHRONICLE Trial.

Background & Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is standard therapy for nonpedunculated colorectal polyps ≥20 mm. It has been suggested recently that polyp resection without current (cold resection) may be superior to the standard technique using cutting/coagulation current (hot resection) by reducing adverse events (AEs), but evidence from a randomized trial is missing.

Methods: In this randomized controlled multicentric trial involving 19 centers, nonpedunculated colorectal polyps ≥20 mm were randomly assigned to cold or hot EMR.

The Inflammatory Response Induced by Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia Is Dependent on Complement Activation: Insight from a Whole Blood Model.

Introduction: We aimed to elucidate the inflammatory response of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia in a whole-blood model of innate immune activation and to compare it with the well-characterized inflammatory reaction to Escherichia coli.

Methods: Employing a human lepirudin whole-blood model, we analyzed complement and leukocyte activation by measuring the sC5b-9 complex and assessing CD11b expression. A 27-multiplex system was used for quantification of cytokines.