Lung Transplantation - Indications, Follow-Up Care and Long-Term Results.

Background: Lung transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage nonmalignant lung disease. It has become a routine procedure through advances in donor lung preservation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, immunosuppression, intensive care medicine, and follow-up care.

Methods: This review is based on publications about lung transplantation that were retrieved by a selective literature search, and on the procedures and experience of two large-volume lung transplantation centers.

Large-scale implementation of a brief treatment program for PTSD in persons with serious mental illness in a mental health agency: The Brief, Relaxation, Education and Trauma Healing (BREATHE) program.

Objective: We examined the feasibility and clinical outcomes of implementing a brief intervention for treating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in persons with serious mental illness receiving services at a large, urban community mental health agency. The Brief, Relaxation, Education and Trauma Healing (BREATHE) program is a standardized, three-session intervention that targets PTSD symptoms through teaching breathing retraining and personalized psychoeducation about trauma and PTSD.

Method: A total of 60 clinicians were trained in the BREATHE intervention throughout the agency, which was offered to 233 clients who screened positive for probable PTSD.

Prospective cohort study of basivertebral nerve ablation for chronic low back pain in a real-world setting: 12 months follow-up.

Background: The basivertebral nerve, which densely supplies the vertebral endplates, is a potential source of chronic low back pain transmission in patients with Modic changes. Basivertebral nerve ablation (BVNA), a minimally invasive procedure, aims to disrupt this pain signaling.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated BVNA's effectiveness in treatment of vertebrogenic low back pain and we followed patients for 12 months to assess long-term effectiveness.

Individual differences in information demand have a low dimensional structure predicted by some curiosity traits.

To understand human learning and progress, it is crucial to understand curiosity. But how consistent is curiosity's conception and assessment across scientific research disciplines? We present the results of a large collaborative project assessing the correspondence between curiosity measures in personality psychology and cognitive science. A total of 820 participants completed 15 personality trait measures and 9 cognitive tasks that tested multiple aspects of information demand.

SUPPLEMENTAL DEXTROSE IN THE INFUSION FLUID DURING DIABETIC VITRECTOMY.

Purpose: Historically, supplemental dextrose to infusion fluid has been used to reduce the need for intraoperative lensectomies to maintain visualization during diabetic vitrectomy. Valved, small-gauge vitrectomy has reduced surgical time and decreased intraoperative fluid flow. Assessment of supplemental dextrose in modern vitrectomy is presented in this study.

A neural code supporting prospective probabilistic reasoning for instrumental information demand in humans.

When making adaptive decisions, we actively demand information, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of active information gathering. An open question is how the brain prospectively estimates the information gains that are expected to accrue from various sources by integrating simpler quantities of prior certainty and the reliability (diagnosticity) of a source. We examine this question using fMRI in a task in which people placed bids to obtain information in conditions that varied independently in the rewards, decision uncertainty, and information diagnosticity.

The reinforcement metalearner as a biologically plausible meta-learning framework.

We argue that the type of meta-learning proposed by Binz et al. generates models with low interpretability and falsifiability that have limited usefulness for neuroscience research. An alternative approach to meta-learning based on hyperparameter optimization obviates these concerns and can generate empirically testable hypotheses of biological computations.

Impact of Cryopreserved Placental Allografts on Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer.

Background: Human placental allografts are widely used to promote wound healing. Placental (or amniotic membrane/umbilical cord) allografts are placed along the neurovascular bundles during radical prostatectomy to improve continence and erectile function recovery. It is unknown whether placental allografts impact biochemical recurrence (BCR).

[Shortfalls of new data 2017-2020 in the German transplant registry].

Introduction: Recently, considerable deficiencies of legacy data (2006–2016) of the newly established German Transplant Registry were described. Current data (2017–2020) of the registry are subject to the present assessment.

Material And Methods: The registry is divided in 80 elements containing different topics.

The Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Germany: A Comprehensive Data Analysis Suggests Underdetection of Hospitalisations and Deaths in Adults 60 Years and Older.

Introduction: In Germany, the estimation of the disease burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in older adults is limited. This makes it challenging for public health decision-makers to develop evidence-based recommendations for newly available vaccines against RSV for individuals aged 60 years and older (60+). This study investigates publicly available data sources in Germany to address the current gaps in evidence regarding the burden of RSV.

Factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in persons with serious mental illness.

Background: Trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with serious mental illness (SMI; e.g., schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, treatment refractory major depressive disorder), with resultant functional impairment.

The Wisconsin silicone oil study (report #1): anatomical and functional outcomes of repair of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Background: Silicone oil (SO) is a long-term tamponade for repair of complex retinal pathology but has limitations including late redetachment. This study describes our experience with SO tamponade for repair of retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), with attention to anatomic and functional outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive case series of eyes with retinal detachment (RD) complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) receiving SO tamponade at the University of Wisconsin between 2013 and 2019.

Perinatal photoperiod associations with bipolar disorder and depression: A systematic literature review and cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank database.

Season-of-birth associations with psychiatric disorders point to environmental (co-)aetiological factors such as natural photoperiod that, if clarified, may allow interventions toward prevention. We systematically reviewed the literature concerning season-of-birth and bipolar disorder and depression and explored associations between the perinatal natural photoperiod and these outcomes in a cross-sectional analysis of the UK Biobank database. We used mean daily photoperiod and relative photoperiod range (relative to the mean) in the 3rd trimester and, separately, in the first 3 months post birth as metrics.

Outcomes and Functional Deterioration in Hospital Admissions with Acute Hypoxemia.

Background: Many hospitalized patients decline in functional status after discharge, but functional decline in emergency admissions with hypoxemia is unknown. The primary aim of this study was to study functional outcomes as a clinical endpoint in a cohort of patients with acute hypoxemia.

Methods: A multicenter prospective observational study was conducted in patients with new-onset hypoxemia emergently admitted to two respiratory departments at a university hospital and an academic teaching hospital.

[The German Transplant Registry - An Analysis of Legacy Data 2006-2016].

Introduction: In 2018, medical transplant data from three institutions were merged to create a German transplant registry. Since June 2021, access to data of the registry has been available. It was planned to analyze the registry data in order to compare special allocation rules with regular allocation for heart, liver, lung, and kidney transplantation.

The parieto-occipital cortex is a candidate neural substrate for the human ability to approximate Bayesian inference.

Adaptive decision-making often requires one to infer unobservable states based on incomplete information. Bayesian logic prescribes that individuals should do so by estimating the posterior probability by integrating the prior probability with new information, but the neural basis of this integration is incompletely understood. We record fMRI during a task in which participants infer the posterior probability of a hidden state while we independently modulate the prior probability and likelihood of evidence regarding the state; the task incentivizes participants to make accurate inferences and dissociates expected value from posterior probability.

A European Multi-Center Analysis of Extracorporeal Photopheresis as Therapy for Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is used by few lung transplant centers to treat chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). Although reported results suggest a beneficial effect on CLAD progression, evidence is limited to single center experiences. The aim of this study is to analyze outcomes of ECP in a large multicenter European cohort.

Diagnostic profiles and trauma history among treatment-seeking young adults with positive post-traumatic stress disorder screens: Findings and implications for public mental health care.

Objectives: This study examined diagnostic profiles and trauma history among treatment-seeking young adults with positive PTSD screens in public mental health care.

Methods: Screening for trauma history and PTSD symptoms was implemented in a community mental health service system. 266 treatment-seeking young adults (aged 18-35) endorsed trauma exposure with a score of at least 45 on the DSM-IV PTSD Checklist, indicating probable PTSD.

A Distinct Neural Code Supports Prospection of Future Probabilities During Instrumental Information-Seeking.

To make adaptive decisions, we must actively demand information, but relatively little is known about the mechanisms of active information gathering. An open question is how the brain estimates expected information gains (EIG) when comparing the current decision uncertainty with the uncertainty that is expected after gathering information. We examined this question using fMRI in a task in which people placed bids to obtain information in conditions that varied independently by prior decision uncertainty, information diagnosticity, and the penalty for an erroneous choice.

Interventions to counter misinformation: Lessons from the Global North and applications to the Global South.

We synthesize evidence from 176 experimental estimates of 11 interventions intended to combat misinformation in the Global North and Global South, which we classify as informational, educational, sociopsychological, or institutional. Among these, we find the most consistent positive evidence for two informational interventions in both Global North and Global South contexts: inoculation/prebunking and debunking. In a complementary survey of 138 misinformation scholars and practitioners, we find that experts tend to be most optimistic about interventions that have been least widely studied or that have been shown to be mostly ineffective.