The Effect of Macrolides on Mortality in Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia: A Retrospective, Nationwide Cohort Study, Israel, 2009-2017.

Background: Previous cohort studies of pneumonia patients reported lower mortality with advanced macrolides. Our aim was to characterize antibiotic treatment patterns and assess the role of quinolones or macrolides in empirical therapy.

Materials: An historical cohort, 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2017, included, through active surveillance, all culture-confirmed bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia (BPP) among adults in Israel.

Estimating the impact of cefuroxime versus cefazolin and amoxicillin/clavulanate use on future collateral resistance: a retrospective comparison.

Background: Quantitative estimates of collateral resistance induced by antibiotic use are scarce.

Objectives: To estimate the effects of treatment with amoxicillin/clavulanate or cefazolin, compared with cefuroxime, on future resistance to ceftazidime among hospitalized patients.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients with positive bacterial cultures hospitalized in an Israeli hospital during 2016-19 was conducted.

Community antibiotic prescriptions during COVID-19 era: a population-based cohort study among adults.

Objectives: This study investigated the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and antibiotic prescription ratios and the determinants of antibiotic prescription in the community.

Methods: The study was based on a retrospective population cohort of adults in a community setting. Antibiotic prescription ratios from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021 (COVID-19 period) were compared to similar months in previous years.

Incidence of New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Among US Children During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.

This cross-sectional study assesses the incidence of new-onset type 1 diabetes among US children during the COVID-19 pandemic.

How compassionate use enabled Israel to deliver the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccination to vulnerable children aged 12-15 years before regulatory approval.

Aim: This paper describes the emergency, compassionate use of the COVID-19 vaccination for high-risk adolescents aged 12-15 years prior to approval by the American Food and Drugs Administration in May 2021. The target audience had underlying health conditions associated with severe disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) or severely immunosuppressed household members.

Methods: An orderly approval system was established in Israel for adolescents aged 12-15 years, based on a professional position paper and compassionate treatment regulations.

Nosocomial outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in a highly vaccinated population, Israel, July 2021.

A nosocomial outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infected 42 patients, staff and family members; 39 were fully vaccinated. The attack rate was 10.6% (16/151) among exposed staff and reached 23.

Validation of a semiautomated system for surveillance of surgical site infection after cesarean section.

Surveillance of surgical site infection after cesarean section is challenging due to the high volume of these surgeries. A manual chart review of women undergoing cesarean section between January and June 2017 (675 charts, 40 infections) was compared to charts identified via an algorithm (141 charts, 39 infections). The algorithm achieved 97.

Healthcare-associated Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia (PJP) Infection in HIV-negative Adults: a Multicenter Study.

Background: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) is an opportunistic infection in immunocompromised patients. Clusters of PJP, especially among organ transplant recipients in clinic settings were described. Data regarding nosocomial PJP infection among inpatients are limited.

Boreal chorus frog () spring calling activity, habitat metrics, and associated environmental data.

Data were collected using multimodal monitoring technologies pairing sound recorders with time-lapse camera systems. In the spring of 2015, 2016, and 2017, sound recordings and imagery were collected at a wet meadow and forested slough in the Central Platte River Valley of Nebraska. Boreal chorus frog () calling activity was obtained from analysing sound recordings.

Rituximab identified as an independent risk factor for severe PJP: A case-control study.

Objective: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) was reported among immunosuppressed patients with deficits in cell-mediated immunity and in patients treated with immunomodulatory drugs. The aim of this study was to identify risk-factors for PJP in noninfected HIV patients.

Methods: This retrospective, test negative, case-control study was conducted in six hospitals in Israel, 2006-2016.

Characterization of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Israel: A 17-year Nationwide Study Experience.

Background: Congenital toxoplasmosis (CT) can cause significant neurologic manifestations and other untoward sequelae. Neither the current epidemiology nor the disease severity of CT in Israel is known.

Methods: Records of CT were collected from the National Toxoplasmosis Reference Laboratory and from 15 medical centers across Israel between 2001 and 2017.

Ibrutinib-associated invasive fungal diseases in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: An observational study.

Background: Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) are life-threatening infections most commonly diagnosed in acute leukaemia patients with prolonged neutropenia and are uncommonly diagnosed in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases.

Objectives: Following the initial report of aspergillosis diagnosed shortly after beginning ibrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, a survey was developed to seek additional cases of IFD during ibrutinib treatment.

Methods: Local and international physicians and groups were approached for relevant cases.

Quinolone Consumption by Mothers Increases Their Children's Risk of Acquiring Quinolone-Resistant Bacteriuria.

Background: Quinolone resistance has been documented in the pediatric population, although their use is limited in children. This study investigated the effect of maternal quinolone use on gram-negative bacterial resistance to quinolones in their offspring.

Methods: We conducted a population-based, unmatched case-control study during 2010-2017.

Biological and environmental datasets from the August 2017 total solar eclipse.

The datasets in this article are associated with the research article ' (Brinley Buckley et al., 2018). We documented biotic and abiotic changes during a total solar eclipse on 21 August 2017, in south-central Nebraska, USA, with a multimodal suite of tools, including time-lapse camera systems, data loggers, and sound recording devices.

Antibiotic Exposure in the Community and Resistance Patterns of Escherichia coli Community-Acquired Bloodstream Infection.

Background: Increasing antibiotic resistance in the community results in greater use of empiric broad spectrum antibiotics for patients at hospital admission. As a measure of antibiotic stewardship it is important to identify a patient population that can receive narrow spectrum antibiotics.

Objectives: To evaluate resistance patterns of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection (BSI) from strictly community-acquired infection and the impact of recent antibiotic use on this resistance.

A Population-Structured HIV Epidemic in Israel: Roles of Risk and Ethnicity.

Background: HIV in Israel started with a subtype-B epidemic among men who have sex with men, followed in the 1980s and 1990s by introductions of subtype C from Ethiopia (predominantly acquired by heterosexual transmission) and subtype A from the former Soviet Union (FSU, most often acquired by intravenous drug use). The epidemic matured over the last 15 years without additional large influx of exogenous infections. Between 2005 and 2013 the number of infected men who have sex with men (MSM) increased 2.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae carriage upon hospital admission: prevalence and risk factors.

The aim of this study was to assess the value of surveillance cultures in identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL) carriers upon admission to hospital, and to identify risk factors for carriage. This prospective cross-sectional study included all hospital admissions over one week. Of 525 patients screened, 56 were positive for ESBLs.

Swimming injuries treated in US EDs: 1990 to 2008.

Objective: Swimming is one of the most popular recreational activities in the United States. The objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of the complete spectrum of injuries associated with swimming and swimming pools treated in US hospital emergency departments.

Methods: Data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 1990 to 2008 were analyzed.

Vereckei criteria used as a diagnostic tool by emergency medicine residents to distinguish between ventricular tachycardia and supra-ventricular tachycardia with aberrancy.

Background: Accurate electrocardiographic (ECG) differentiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) from supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy (SVT-A) on ECG is key to therapeutic decision-making in the emergency department (ED) setting.

Objective: The goal of this study was to test the accuracy and agreement of emergency medicine residents to differentiate VT from SVT-A using the Vereckei criteria.

Methods: Six emergency medicine residents volunteered to participate in the review of 114 ECGs from 86 patients with a diagnosis of either VT or SVT-A based on an electrophysiology study.

The GUDMAP database--an online resource for genitourinary research.

The GenitoUrinary Development Molecular Anatomy Project (GUDMAP) is an international consortium working to generate gene expression data and transgenic mice. GUDMAP includes data from large-scale in situ hybridisation screens (wholemount and section) and microarray gene expression data of microdissected, laser-captured and FACS-sorted components of the developing mouse genitourinary (GU) system. These expression data are annotated using a high-resolution anatomy ontology specific to the developing murine GU system.

The effect of empiric antibiotic therapy on mortality in debilitated patients with dementia.

The purpose of this investigation was to assess the effect of empirical antibiotic treatment on 30-day mortality among debilitated inpatients with dementia and Gram-negative bacteremia. A retrospective cohort study in the years 2005-2007 was undertaken. Data were collected through patient chart review.

Radiation exposure in emergency physicians working in an urban ED: a prospective cohort study.

Objective: The National Council on Radiation Protection (NCRP) limits health care-associated occupational exposures to radiation to 5000 mrem/y. Previous studies suggested that emergency physicians were not exposed over this limit. Their relevance to contemporary practice is unknown.

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in combination therapy for HIV patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Treatment guidelines recommend dual nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI ) as a part of combination antiretroviral therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the relative efficacy and toxicity of the dual NRTI part of the regimen in antiretroviral-naïve HIV-1-infected adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials assessing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults with a 48-week follow-up were done.

Impact of quinolone restriction on resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from urine by culture in a community setting.

Background: Decreased antimicrobial susceptibility after increased antibiotic use is a known phenomenon. Restoration of susceptibility once antimicrobial use is decreased is not self-evident. Our objective was to evaluate, in a community setting, the impact of quinolone restriction on the antimicrobial resistance of E.

Hospital-wide methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus control program: A 5-year follow-up.

We investigated the influence of different interventions (active surveillance, contact isolation, monitoring, and rapid diagnostic testing) on the number of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia cases. An interrupted time-series analysis was used. MRSA bacteremia cases were reduced by 70% when all interventions were in place.