Synthesis and Characterization of Transferrin and Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Functionalized Liposomal Nanoparticles to Deliver Plasmid ApoE2 and in Mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition characterized by the aggregation of amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal degeneration. Recently, new treatment approaches involving drugs such as donanemab and lecanemab have been introduced for AD. However, these drug regimens have been associated with adverse effects, leading to the exploration of gene therapy as a potential treatment option.

Functionalized nanoparticles to deliver nucleic acids to the brain for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Brain-targeted gene delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a significant challenge in the 21st century for the healthcare sector, particularly in developing an effective treatment strategy against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Internal architecture of the brain capillary endothelium restricts bio-actives entry into the brain. Additionally, therapy with nucleic acids faces challenges like vulnerability to degradation by nucleases and potential immune responses.

Non-Invasive Intranasal Delivery of : Effect of Multiple Dosing on the ApoE2 Expression in Mice Brain.

Chitosan-based polymeric micelles are promising non-viral nanocarriers for safe and targeted gene delivery. Multi-functionalized chitosan polymeric micelles were prepared by grafting fatty acid, cell-penetrating peptide, and mannose on the chitosan backbone. The polymeric micelles were subjected to surface morphology and surface topography using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively.

Multifunctionalized Cationic Chitosan Polymeric Micelles Polyplexed with pVGF for Noninvasive Delivery to the Mouse Brain through the Intranasal Route for Developing Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease.

Multifunctionalized Chitosan-based polymeric micelles were used to deliver pVGF to the brain. VGF (non-acronymic) plays significant roles in neurogenesis and learning as well as synaptic and cognitive functions. Therefore, VGF gene therapy could be a better approach in developing effective therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease.

Experimental Models of In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier for CNS Drug Delivery: An Evolutionary Perspective.

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders represent one of the leading causes of global health burden. Nonetheless, new therapies approved against these disorders are among the lowest compared to their counterparts. The absence of reliable and efficient in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) models resembling in vivo barrier properties stands out as a significant roadblock in developing successful therapy for CNS disorders.

Candidate K232A mutation of gene associated with production and reproduction traits in Indian Dairy cattle.

The present study was conducted on Hardhenu and Sahiwal cows to evaluate the genetic diversity and the effect of candidate K232A mutation of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase () gene on performance traits. PCR product of 413 bp size targeting K232A mutation of gene was genotyped by 1 restriction enzyme and further confirmed by sequencing. The PCR-RFLP analysis for K232A showed that the frequencies of alleles K and A were 0.

Synthesis and Characterization of Fatty Acid Grafted Chitosan Polymeric Micelles for Improved Gene Delivery of VGF to the Brain through Intranasal Route.

Multifunctional fatty acid grafted polymeric micelles are an effective and promising approach for drug and gene delivery to the brain. An alternative approach to bypass the blood-brain barrier is administration through intranasal route. Multifunctional fatty acid grafted polymeric micelles were prepared and characterized for pVGF delivery to the brain.

A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics.

Neurodegenerative disorders are primarily characterized by neuron loss. The most common neurodegenerative disorders include Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Although there are several medicines currently approved for managing neurodegenerative disorders, a large majority of them only help with associated symptoms.

Underreporting of race/ethnicity in COVID-19 research.

Objectives: Although racial/ethnic disparities in healthcare have long been recognized, recent discourse around structural racism will hopefully lead to improved transparency surrounding these issues. Despite the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on racial/ethnic minorities, the extent and reliability of race reporting in COVID research is unclear.

Methods: COVID-19 research published in three top medical journals during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was reviewed and assessed for race reporting and proportional representation.

Sex Representation in Clinical Trials Associated with FDA Cancer Drug Approvals Differs Between Solid and Hematologic Malignancies.

Background: Proportionate female representation in health research is necessary for scientific rigor and health equity. We aimed to assess the representation of women in clinical trials leading to U.S.

Representativeness of Black Patients in Cancer Clinical Trials Sponsored by the National Cancer Institute Compared With Pharmaceutical Companies.

Background: Many clinical trials supporting new drug applications underrepresent minority patients. Trials conducted by the National Cancer Institute's National Clinical Trial's Network (NCTN) have greater outreach to community sites, potentially allowing better representation. We compared the representation of Black patients in pharmaceutical company-sponsored cancer clinical trials with NCTN trials and with the US cancer population.

PEGylated Dendrimer Mediated Delivery of Bortezomib: Drug Conjugation versus Encapsulation.

Poor aqueous solubility of anticancer drug bortezomib (BTZ) still remains a major challenge in the development of a successful formulation. The dendrimeric platform can provide a better opportunity to deliver BTZ with improved solubility. BTZ encapsulated in PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers (BTZ-PEG-PAMAM) was characterized and evaluated comparatively with encapsulated and conjugated dendritic formulations.

Enzymatic biosensors for the quantification of biogenic amines: a literature update.

The present review emphasizes on the quantification of biogenic amines (BAs) which are regarded as a quality indicator of food freshness or spoilage and for evaluating microbial action while food processing. BAs have various potential adverse effects on human health and they are widely found in varying concentrations in different food stuffs. In the quest for a reliable method for their precise detection, BA biosensors have emerged as an efficient tool which enables rapid and accurate assessment in miniature form.

Lactoferrin Coupled Lower Generation PAMAM Dendrimers for Brain Targeted Delivery of Memantine in Aluminum-Chloride-Induced Alzheimer's Disease in Mice.

Lower generation PAMAM dendrimers have an immense potential for drug delivery with lower toxicity, but these dendrimers yet need certain basic ameliorations. In this study, the brain delivery potential of the synthesized PAMAM-Lf (lower generation PAMAM and lactoferrin conjugate) loaded with memantine (MEM) was explored and evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the disease-induced mouse model. The developed nanoscaffolds were characterized for size, zeta potential and in vitro release.

Disparity of Race Reporting and Representation in Clinical Trials Leading to Cancer Drug Approvals From 2008 to 2018.

Importance: Representative racial/ethnic participation in research, especially in clinical trials that establish standards of care, is necessary to minimize disparities in outcomes and to uphold societal equity in health care.

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of race reporting and proportional race representation in trials supporting US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oncology drug approvals.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Database study of all reported trials supporting FDA oncology drug approvals granted between July 2008 and June 2018.

Behavioral and Biochemical Implications of Dendrimeric Rivastigmine in Memory-Deficit and Alzheimer's Induced Rodents.

Exploration of dendrimers for effective drug delivery is giving promising results. The present study was designed and performed to explore the dendrimeric (polyamidoamine-lactoferrin; PAMAM-Lf) formulations for the effective rivastigmine (RIV) delivery against the Alzheimer's induced animal model using lactoferrin as the targeting ligand. RIV delivery through PAMAM-Lf conjugates was highly efficient in the Alzheimer's induced animal model.

HPMA-PLGA Based Nanoparticles for Effective In Vitro Delivery of Rifampicin.

Purpose: Tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy witnesses some major challenges such as poor water-solubility and bioavailability of drugs that frequently delay the treatment. In the present study, an attempt to enhance the aqueous solubility of rifampicin (RMP) was made via co-polymeric nanoparticles approach. HPMA (N-2-hydroxypropylmethacrylamide)-PLGA based polymeric nanoparticulate system were prepared and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for sustained release and bioavailability of RMP to achieve better delivery.

Correction to: Radiolabeled PLGA Nanoparticles for Effective Targeting of Bendamustine in Tumor Bearing Mice.

The typesetter did not use the Fig. 6 provided by the author with his proof corrections, and instead duplicated Fig. 7 by the Fig.

Smartly Engineered PEGylated Di-Block Nanopolymeric Micelles: Duo Delivery of Isoniazid and Rifampicin Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In an attempt to deliver multiple drugs through a nanoparticulate platform, the present study was designed to deliver isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RMP) together through conjugation/encapsulation approaches using PEG-PLA (polyethylene glycol-poly-L-lactic acid) polymeric micelles. The objective of this study is to identify the preparation and evaluation of PEGylated polymeric micelles with dual drug delivery of INH and RMP for the effective treatment of tuberculosis (TB). Synthesized PEG-PLA di-block-copolymer was further conjugated to INH-forming PEG-PLA-INH (PPI) conjugate.

Radiolabeled PLGA Nanoparticles for Effective Targeting of Bendamustine in Tumor Bearing Mice.

Purpose: Bendamustine is an important drug for the treatment of chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, its delivery is challenging due to its instability. Current approach reports the development and characterization of bendamustine encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles for the effective targeting to leukemic cells.

Boosted Memory and Improved Brain Bioavailability of Rivastigmine: Targeting Effort to the Brain Using Covalently Tethered Lower Generation PAMAM Dendrimers with Lactoferrin.

Currently, there is no treatment strategy which can reverse the process of neuro-degeneration in progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Practically, it is desired to achieve and maintain high therapeutic doses in the brain, but it is hard due to selective permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In the present study, lactoferrin (Lf) was conjugated to polyamidoamine generation 3.

Enzyme-Based Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensors for Rapid Assessment of Nitrite Toxicity: Recent Advances and Perspectives.

In the present era of rapid international globalization and industrialization, intensive use of nitrite as a fertilizing agent in agriculture, preservative, dyeing agent, food additive and as corrosion inhibitor in industrial sectors is adversely effecting environment, natural habitats and human health. The issue of toxicity and carcinogenicity due to excessive ingestion of nitrites via the dietary intake has led to an imminent need for its efficient real-time monitoring in situ. Nitrite detection employing electrochemical biosensors has been gaining high credibility in the field of clinical research.

Recent trends and perspectives in enzyme based biosensor development for the screening of triglycerides: a comprehensive review.

Clinical manifestations of the elevated plasma triacylglycerol (TG) include a greater prevalence of atherosclerotic heart disease, acute pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and ischemic vascular disease. Hence, these significant health troubles have attracted scientific attention for the precise detection of TG in biological samples. Numerous techniques have been employed to quantify TG over many decades, but biosensors hold the leading position owing to their superior traits such as highly specific recognition for target molecules, accuracy, minituarization, small sample requirement and rapid response.

Bendamustine-PAMAM Conjugates for Improved Apoptosis, Efficacy, and in Vivo Pharmacokinetics: A Sustainable Delivery Tactic.

Successful delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent like bendamustine still remains a challenge in clinical conditions like chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and multiple myeloma. We have conjugated bendamustine to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers after conjugating with N-(hydroxyethyl)maleimide (spacer) via an ester bond. The particle size of PAMAM-bendamustine conjugate was 49.