Generalisable Overview of Study Risk for Lead Investigators Needing Guidance (GOSLING): A data governance risk tool.

Introduction: Digitisation of patient records, coupled with a moral imperative to use routinely collected data for research, necessitate effective data governance that both facilitates evidence-based research and minimises associated risks. The Generalisable Overview of Study Risk for Lead Investigators Needing Guidance (GOSLING) provides the first quantitative risk-measure for assessing the data-related risks of clinical research projects.

Methods: GOSLING employs a self-assessment designed to standardise risk assessment, considering various domains, including data type, security measures, and public co-production.

Patterns of practice of image guided particle therapy for cranio-spinal irradiation: A site specific multi-institutional survey of European Particle Therapy Network.

Purpose: To investigate the current practice patterns in image-guided particle therapy (IGPT) for cranio-spinal irradiation (CSI).

Methods: A multi-institutional survey was distributed to European particle therapy centres to analyse all aspects of IGPT. Based on the survey results, a Delphi consensus analysis was developed to define minimum requirements and optimal workflow for clinical practice.

Intrathecal Morphine for Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Cardiac surgeries often result in significant postoperative pain, leading to considerable use of opioids for pain management. However, excessive opioid use can lead to undesirable side effects and chronic opioid use. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether preoperative intrathecal morphine could reduce postoperative opioid consumption in patients undergoing cardiac surgery requiring sternotomy.

Spread-out Bragg peak measurements using a compact quality assurance range calorimeter at the Clatterbridge cancer centre.

The superior dose conformity provided by proton therapy relative to conventional x-ray radiotherapy necessitates more rigorous quality assurance (QA) procedures to ensure optimal patient safety. Practically however, time-constraints prevent comprehensive measurements to be made of the proton range in water: a key parameter in ensuring accurate treatment delivery.A novel scintillator-based device for fast, accurate water-equivalent proton range QA measurements for ocular proton therapy is presented.

Building capacity to conduct genetic epidemiology research on hyperuricaemia and gout in an Indigenous community in Guam.

Background: Gout, the most common inflammatory arthritis disease, and hyperuricaemia onset are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. We sought to investigate these factors in an Indigenous community in Guam.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the University of Guam led the qualitative inquiry with the native community, training (pre-screening of participants, data collection methods, and biospecimen handling), study implementation (outreach and recruitment, data collection, and DNA extraction and quantification), and qualitative and epidemiologic data analyses.

Evaluation of monte carlo to support commissioning of the treatment planning system of new pencil beam scanning proton therapy facilities.

. To demonstrate the potential of Monte Carlo (MC) to support the resource-intensive measurements that comprise the commissioning of the treatment planning system (TPS) of new proton therapy facilities..

The Role of Recipient Thyroid Hormone Supplementation in Primary Graft Dysfunction After Heart Transplantation: A Propensity-Adjusted Analysis.

Objectives: To investigate whether recipient administration of thyroid hormone (liothyronine [T3]) is associated with reduced rates of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) after orthotopic heart transplantation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Single-center, university hospital.

Perioperative Fluid Management.

The medical complexity of the geriatric patients has been steadily rising. Still, as outcomes of surgical procedures in the elderly are improving, centers are pushing boundaries. There is also a growing appreciation of the importance of perioperative fluid management on postoperative outcomes, especially in the elderly.

An Unusual Cause of End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Rise During One-Lung Ventilation.

A relatively common problem that may arise during one-lung ventilation is elevation of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), which has several potential etiologies. This case report describes a 69-year-old woman with carcinoid tumor undergoing a robotic left lower lobectomy complicated by an acute rise in ETCO2 during one-lung ventilation, without an immediately identifiable cause. Thorough evaluation revealed CO2 leak through an open bronchial lumen resulting in an artificially high ETCO2 reading.

Echocardiographic Evidence of Cardiac Atrophy in the Critically Ill.

Unlabelled: The purpose of this explorative study is to determine if critically ill patients experience cardiac atrophy that can be quantified as a loss of left ventricular mass (LVM) and thus detected by echocardiography.

Design: Retrospective single-center cohort study.

Setting: Patients admitted to a tertiary medical center in Boston, MA.

Comparison of an Implantable Middle Ear Microphone and Conventional External Microphone for Cochlear Implants: A Clinical Feasibility Study.

Objectives: All commercially available cochlear implant (CI) systems use an external microphone and sound processor; however, external equipment carries lifestyle limitations. Although totally implantable devices using subcutaneous microphones have been developed, these are compromised by problems with soft tissue sound attenuation, feedback, and intrusive body noise. This in vivo pilot study evaluates a middle ear microphone (MEM) that aims to overcome these issues and compares hearing performance with that of an external CI microphone.

Transesophageal Echocardiography-Guided Percutaneous Aspiration of a Large Tricuspid Valve Vegetation in a Patient with Infective Endocarditis.

• Right-sided IE is associated with IVDU. • Percutaneous debulking of TV vegetations can be a therapeutic option. • TEE can help guide debulking.

Origins of Polynesian Pigs Revealed by Mitochondrial Whole Genome Ancient DNA.

Domestic pigs () were first transported to Polynesia through a series of long-distance voyages ultimately linked to the Neolithic expansion of Austronesian-speaking people out of Asia. The descendants of the founding pigs belong to a rare mtDNA group referred to as the "Pacific Clade" that may have originated in peninsular or island Southeast Asia. We report the first whole genome mtDNA from domestic pigs from any of the remote islands of the Pacific.

Anesthetics to Prevent Lung Injury in Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To investigate if sevoflurane based anesthesia is superior to propofol in preventing lung inflammation and preventing postoperative pulmonary complications.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Single tertiary care university hospital.

Maternal Relationships among Ancient and Modern Southern African Sheep: Newly Discovered Mitochondrial Haplogroups.

We investigated the genetic diversity and historic relationships among southern African sheep as well as the relationships between them and sheep outside the continent by sourcing both archaeological and modern sheep samples. Archaeological sheep samples derived from the site Die Kelders 1, near Cape Town, date to approximately 1500 years ago. The modern samples were taken as ear snips from Damara, Namaqua Afrikaner, and Ronderib Afrikaner sheep on a farm in Prieska in the Northern Cape.

Ancient genomes from the Himalayas illuminate the genetic history of Tibetans and their Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbors.

Present-day Tibetans have adapted both genetically and culturally to the high altitude environment of the Tibetan Plateau, but fundamental questions about their origins remain unanswered. Recent archaeological and genetic research suggests the presence of an early population on the Plateau within the past 40 thousand years, followed by the arrival of subsequent groups within the past 10 thousand years. Here, we obtain new genome-wide data for 33 ancient individuals from high elevation sites on the southern fringe of the Tibetan Plateau in Nepal, who we show are most closely related to present-day Tibetans.

Bleeding and thrombotic events in adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an ELSO registry analysis.

Purpose: This study aimed at analyzing the prevalence, mortality association, and risk factors for bleeding and thrombosis events (BTEs) among adults supported with venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO).

Methods: We queried the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization registry for adults supported with VV-ECMO from 2010 to 2017. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was used to assess the association between BTEs and in-hospital mortality and the predictors of BTEs.

Reflections on the physical, executive developmental and systems applied framework in child neuropsychological rehabilitation.

This paper describes the influence of the Physical, Executive, Developmental and Systems (PEDS) framework on the delivery of community-based child neuropsychological rehabilitation and how it has been enhanced by the proliferation of neuroscientific, neuropsychological and psychosocial research and evidence-base in childhood brain injury and rehabilitation over the past decade. The paper signposts to some of the key models, theories and concepts currently shaping service delivery. Application of the PEDS framework in a clinical case is described.

Renal-Resistive Index for Prediction of Acute Kidney Injury in the Setting of Aortic Insufficiency.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common postoperative complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and leads to significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. Although early recognition and management of AKI may reduce the burden of renal disease, reliance on serum creatinine accumulation to confidently diagnose it leads to a significant and important delay (up to 48 hours). Hence, a search for earlier AKI biomarkers is warranted.

Ancient and modern mitogenomes from Central Argentina: new insights into population continuity, temporal depth and migration in South America.

The inverted triangle shape of South America places Argentina territory as a geographical crossroads between the two principal peopling streams that followed either the Pacific or the Atlantic coasts, which could have then merged in Central Argentina (CA). Although the genetic diversity from this region is therefore crucial to decipher past population movements in South America, its characterization has been overlooked so far. We report 92 modern and 22 ancient mitogenomes spanning a temporal range of 5000 years, which were compared with a large set of previously reported data.

Gout.

Gout is a common and treatable disease caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in articular and non-articular structures. Increased concentration of serum urate (hyperuricaemia) is the most important risk factor for the development of gout. Serum urate is regulated by urate transporters in the kidney and gut, particularly GLUT9 (SLC2A9), URAT1 (SLC22A12), and ABCG2.