Effects of dose and dose protraction on embryotoxicity of 14.1 MeV neutron irradiation in rats.

The embryotoxic effects of neutron radiation on rodent embryos are documented, but there is disagreement about the dose-response relationship and the impact of protracting the dose. Pregnant rats were exposed to total absorbed doses of 0.15 to 1.

Comparative effects of neutron irradiation and X irradiation on the embryonic development of the rat.

Our aim was to compare the dose-response relationship for the embryotoxic effects of 0.43 MeV neutrons with those of 240 kVp X rays after in utero exposures during early organogenesis in the rat. At 9.

Dermatologic radiotherapy and thyroid cancer. Dose measurements and risk quantification.

Thyroid doses for various dermatologic radiation techniques were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters and ionization rate meters in an Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom. The effects of changes in radiation quality and of the use or nonuse of treatment cones and thyroid shields were evaluated in detail. The results indicate that the potential risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer is very small when proper radiation protection measures are used.

Dermatologic radiotherapy and breast cancer. Dose measurements and risk quantification.

This study was set up to provide quantitative data to evaluate unsubstantiated claims that improper dermatologic radiation techniques may cause breast cancer. A thin mylar window ionization rate meter placed at the location of the right breast of an Alderson-RANDO anthropomorphic phantom was used to measure direct and scatter radiation reaching the female breast during radiotherapy of the facial region (as given for acne). The results indicate that scatter doses are very small; they are influenced by radiation quality and the use or nonuse of a treatment cone.

X-ray doses to patients undergoing full-spine radiographic examination.

Patients undergoing full-spine radiographic examinations receive x-ray doses of 115 mrad (1,150 microGy) to 85% of the body's total active bone marrow, 235 to 465 mrad (2,350 to 4,650 microGy) to the breasts, 165 mrad (1,650 microGy) to the embryo and ovaries, and 700 mrad (7,000 microGy) to the thyroid. These doses can be doubled for patients exposed to the x rays before and after treatment.