Twofold 6π-Electrocyclization as a Route Toward Multi-Heteroatom-Doped Nanographenes Built on a 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole Core.

Here we present a highly versatile synthetic strategy based on twofold 6π-electrocyclization accompanied with HBr elimination as a novel approach towards centrosymmetric multi-heteroatom-doped nanographenes build around an electron-rich 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core. A straightforward synthesis from readily available substrates offers a unique possibility of fusing the 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole subunit not only with carbocyclic building blocks, such as electron-deficient phenanthrenes, chrysenes, or [4]helicenes, but also with heterocyclic systems, such as benzo[b]furan and 5-thiatruxene. The clear advantage of this strategy is that there is no requirement to assemble complex scaffolds possessing bromoaryl units since bromine atom is introduced by bromination of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole core which, because of its exceptionally electron-rich character, is straightforward reaction.

Behavioral biomarkers in fishes: A non-lethal approach to assess the effects of chemical pollution on freshwater ecosystems.

The expansion of the human population and the escalating use of chemical products pose a considerable threat to aquatic biodiversity. Consequently, there is an imperative need for the implementation of non-lethal, cost-effective, and easily deployable biomonitoring tools. In this context, fish and their behavior as biomarkers have gained prominence in monitoring of freshwater ecosystems.

Uterine fibroids in women diagnosed with acromegaly: a systematic review.

The review discusses the relationship between acromegaly and uterine fibroids. It highlights variations in research methodologies and inconsistent findings, emphasizing the complex nature of fibroid development and the role of the somatotropic axis. Additionally, it addresses demographic factors and examines the potential impact of therapies on the risk and prevalence of uterine fibroids in individuals with acromegaly.

Evolution of the ecological niche behind the largest disjunct freshwater fish distribution in the world.

Ecological processes that are behind distributions of species that inhabit isolated localities, complex disjunct distributions, remain poorly understood. Traditionally, vicariance and dispersion have been proposed as explanatory mechanisms that drive such distributions. However, to date, our understanding of the ecological processes driving evolution of ecological niches associated with disjunct distributions remains rudimentary.

The Precious Potential of the Sacred Tree (Siebold & Zucc.) Endl. as a Source of Secondary Metabolites with Broad Biological Applications.

(Siebold & Zucc.) Endl., which belongs to the family, occurs naturally in North America and Asia, especially in Korea, Taiwan and Japan, where it is an evergreen, coniferous, sacred, ethnic tree.

Association between sperm morphology and sperm count of boar semen.

The number of spermatozoa in the ejaculate is important for its quality and that of the sperm contained in it. The number of ejaculated spermatozoa is also associated with sperm dimensions. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological structure of sperm and the frequency of morphological abnormalities in sperm on the ejaculation performance of boars, measured as the total number sperm per ejaculate.

What happened matters: Trauma type and cumulative trauma exposure in refugee youth psychopathology.

Objective: Trauma exposure-a contributor to psychological risk for refugee youth-is typically assessed using cumulative indices; however, recent findings indicate that trauma type may better predict psychological outcomes. This study investigated the utility of two methods of classifying trauma exposure-cumulative trauma and exposure to specific types of trauma (i.e.

Three-Dimensional Segmentation Assisted with Clustering Analysis for Surface and Volume Measurements of Equine Incisor in Multidetector Computed Tomography Data Sets.

Dental diagnostic imaging has progressed towards the use of advanced technologies such as 3D image processing. Since multidetector computed tomography (CT) is widely available in equine clinics, CT-based anatomical 3D models, segmentations, and measurements have become clinically applicable. This study aimed to use a 3D segmentation of CT images and volumetric measurements to investigate differences in the surface area and volume of equine incisors.

Species tree analyses and speciation-based species delimitation support new species in the relict catfish family Diplomystidae and provide insights on recent glacial history in Patagonia.

Diplomystidae is an early-diverged family of freshwater catfish endemic to southern South America. We have recently collected five juvenile specimens belonging to this family from the Bueno River Basin, a basin which the only previous record was a single juvenile specimen collected in 1996. This finding confirms the distribution of the family further South in northern Patagonia, but poses new questions about the origin of this population in an area with a strong glacial history.

An application of the density standard and scaled-pixel-counting protocol to assess the radiodensity of equine incisor teeth affected by resorption and hypercementosis: preliminary advancement in dental radiography.

Background: Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) syndrome is a dental disease where the radiographic signs may be quantified using radiographic texture features. This study aimed to implement the scaled-pixel-counting protocol to quantify and compare the image structure of teeth and the density standard in order to improve the identification of the radiographic signs of tooth resorption and hypercementosis using the EOTRH syndrome model.

Methods And Results: A detailed examination of the oral cavity was performed in 80 horses and maxillary incisor teeth were evaluated radiographically, including an assessment of the density standard.

Correction: Górski et al. Application of Two-Dimensional Entropy Measures to Detect the Radiographic Signs of Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis in an Equine Model. 2022, , 2914.

In the original article [...

Identification and characterisation of mitochondrial proteins isolated from rabbit epididymal spermatozoa - a preliminary study.

This is the first study to identify 23 protein spots corresponding to 13 proteins in mitochondria isolated from rabbit epididymal spermatozoa. In the group of protein spots identified in stress-induced samples, the abundance of 20 protein spots increased, whereas the abundance of three protein spots (GSTM3, CUNH9orf172, ODF1) decreased relative to the control. The results of this study provide valuable inputs for future research into the molecular mechanisms implicated in pathological processes during oxidative stress (OS).

The longitudinal impact of war exposure on psychopathology in Syrian and Iraqi refugee youth.

Background: War and natural disasters lead to forced migration - and increased risk of adverse psychological outcomes - in approximately 1% of the global population. Though recent years have brought a greater understanding of the consequences of war exposure on mental health outcomes for refugee children, little is known about the longitudinal and developmental impact of these experiences on youth.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of direct exposure to war and/or combat on trajectories of symptoms related to anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Syrian and Iraqi refugee youth following resettlement.

Progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in cerebellar synaptosomes of cystatin B-deficient mice.

The involvement of mitochondrial dysfunction in cystatin B (CSTB) deficiency has been suggested, but its role in the onset of neurodegeneration, myoclonus, and ataxia in the CSTB-deficient mouse model () is yet unknown. CSTB is an inhibitor of lysosomal and nuclear cysteine cathepsins. In humans, partial loss-of-function mutations cause the progressive myoclonus epilepsy neurodegenerative disorder, EPM1.

Conversion of Ketones into Blue-Emitting Electron-Deficient Benzofurans.

A novel heavy metal-free and safe synthetic methodology enabling one-step conversion of ketones into corresponding 4,5,6,7-tetrafluorobenzofurans (F BFs) has been developed. The presented approach has numerous advantageous qualities, including utilization of readily available substrates, broad scope, scalability, and good reaction yields. Importantly, some of the benzofurans prepared by this method were heretofore inaccessible by any other known transformation.

The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women-A Systematic Review.

Menopause is a physiological change in any woman. Nevertheless, its symptoms could be difficult to accept, and hormone therapy can be sometimes unattractive or contraindicated. Vitamin E components are phytoestrogens, so they are believed to be useful in some indications including menopause.

Vulvar sebaceous hyperplasia - a problematic dermatosis of the vulva.

Sebaceous glandular hyperplasia (SGH) is a benign form of skin pathology, occurring in approximately one percent of the population. Risk factors for the SGH include advanced age, male sex, exposure to UV radiation and immunosuppression. The pathogenesis of SGH involves hormonal changes, is also regulated by insulin levels, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and cortisol.

Application of Two-Dimensional Entropy Measures to Detect the Radiographic Signs of Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis in an Equine Model.

Dental disorders are a serious health problem in equine medicine, their early recognition benefits the long-term general health of the horse. Most of the initial signs of Equine Odontoclastic Tooth Resorption and Hypercementosis (EOTRH) syndrome concern the alveolar aspect of the teeth, thus, the need for early recognition radiographic imaging. This study is aimed to evaluate the applicability of entropy measures to quantify the radiological signs of tooth resorption and hypercementosis as well as to enhance radiographic image quality in order to facilitate the identification of the signs of EOTRH syndrome.

Malocclusions and Dental Diseases in Privately Owned Horses in the Mazovia Region of Poland.

Dental disorders, a term encompassing both malocclusion and dental disease, constitute a serious health problem in horses worldwide. As horse populations differ among countries and regions, a geographically specific characterization of the occurrence of various dental disorders may be helpful for local equine practitioners. This study investigated the prevalence and frequency distribution of selected malocclusions and dental diseases in horses housed in the Mazovia region of Poland, with attention paid to variations among age, gender, and breed categories.

The Predictive Utility of Trauma Subtypes in the Assessment of Mental Health Outcomes for Persons Resettled as Refugees.

Pre-migration trauma, a psychological risk factor for refugees, is often measured using cumulative indices. However, recent research suggests that trauma subtypes, rather than cumulative trauma, may better predict psychological outcomes. This study investigated the predictive utility of trauma subtypes in the assessment of refugee mental health.

Molecular Biocompatibility of a Silver Nanoparticle Complex with Graphene Oxide to Human Skin in a 3D Epidermis In Vitro Model.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) can migrate to tissues and cells of the body, as well as to agglomerate, which reduces the effectiveness of their use for the antimicrobial protection of the skin. Graphene oxide (GO), with a super-thin flake structure, can be a carrier of AgNP that stabilizes their movement without inhibiting their antibacterial properties. Considering that the human skin is often the first contact with antimicrobial agent, the aim of the study was to assess whether the application of the complex of AgNP and GO is biocompatible with the skin model in in vitro studies.