Exploring lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients: insights from a tertiary academic medical center with a high proportion of patients on immunosuppression.

Introduction: Severe COVID-19 is associated with reduced absolute lymphocyte counts, suggesting that lymphocyte subsets may serve as predictors of clinical outcomes in affected patients. Early identification of patients at risk for severe disease is crucial for optimizing care, accurately informing patients and their families, guiding therapeutic interventions, and improving patient flow in the ED. Given that immunosuppressive drugs significantly impact lymphocyte profiles, we aimed to determine the association between prior use of immunosuppressive drugs, lymphocyte subsets, and COVID-19 severity in our population with a high prevalence of immunosuppression.

A 29-mRNA host response test to identify bacterial and viral infections and to predict 30-day mortality in emergency department patients with suspected infections: A prospective observational cohort study.

Introduction: The goal of this study is to validate the accuracy of the 29-mRNA host response classifiers Inflammatix Bacterial-Viral-Non infected-3b (IMX-BVN-3b) and Severity-3b (IMX-SEV-3b) to identify bacterial and viral infections and to predict 30-day mortality in patients with suspected infections in the ED.

Methods: This prospective observational cohort study enrolled patients with suspected infections in a tertiary ED. IMX-BVN-3b was compared to clinically forced and consensus adjudicated bacterial/viral infection status and IMX-SEV-3b was compared to 30-day mortality.

The role of antibody-dependent enhancement in dengue vaccination.

Dengue is the most rapidly spreading vector-borne disease worldwide, with over half the global population at risk for an infection. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is associated with increased disease severity and may also be attributable to the deterioration of disease in vaccinated people. Two dengue vaccines are approved momentarily, with more in development.

Determinants of intended prevention behaviour against mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in the Netherlands and Spain using the MosquitoWise survey: cross-sectional study.

Background: Recently, Europe has seen an emergence of mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs). Understanding citizens' perceptions of and behaviours towards mosquitoes and MBVs is crucial to reduce disease risk. We investigated and compared perceptions, knowledge, and determinants of citizens' behavioural intentions related to mosquitoes and MBVs in the Netherlands and Spain, to help improve public health interventions.

Post COVID-19 Pandemic Increased Detection of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae in Adults Admitted to the Intensive Care.

: () infections can progress to severe respiratory complications, necessitating intensive care treatment. Recent post COVID-19 pandemic surges underscore the need for timely diagnosis, given potential diagnostic method limitations. A retrospective case series analysis was conducted on PCR-positive patients admitted to two Dutch secondary hospitals' ICUs between January 2023 and February 2024.

Development and validation of the MosquitoWise survey to assess perceptions towards mosquitoes and mosquito-borne viruses in Europe.

Due to climate change and the expanding geographical ranges of key mosquito species, several mosquito-borne viruses (MBVs) have recently emerged in Europe. Understanding people's perceptions and behaviours towards these viruses and the mosquitoes capable of transmitting them is crucial for implementing effective prevention measures and targeted communication campaigns. However, there is currently no appropriate validated survey for European populations to assess this.

Performance of the FebriDx Rapid Point-of-Care Test for Differentiating Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Patients with a Suspected Respiratory Tract Infection in the Emergency Department.

FebriDx is a rapid point-of-care test combining qualitative measurements of C-reactive protein (CRP) and Myxovirus Resistance Protein A (MxA) using a disposable test device to detect and differentiate acute bacterial from viral respiratory tract infections. The goal of this study was to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of FebriDx in patients with suspected respiratory tract infections in the emergency department (ED). This was an observational cohort study, performed in the ED of an academic hospital.

Transient Autoreactive PF4 and Antiphospholipid Antibodies in COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients.

Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare autoimmune condition associated with recombinant adenovirus (rAV)-based COVID-19 vaccines. It is thought to arise from autoantibodies targeting platelet factor 4 (aPF4), triggered by vaccine-induced inflammation and the formation of neo-antigenic complexes between PF4 and the rAV vector. To investigate the specific induction of aPF4 by rAV-based vaccines, we examined sera from rAV vaccine recipients (AZD1222, AD26.

Presence of procoagulant peripheral blood mononuclear cells in severe COVID-19 patients relate to ventilation perfusion mismatch and precede pulmonary embolism.

Purpose: Pulmonary emboli (PE) contribute substantially to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related mortality and morbidity. Immune cell-mediated hyperinflammation drives the procoagulant state in COVID-19 patients, resulting in immunothrombosis. To study the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the procoagulant state of COVID-19 patients, we performed a functional bioassay and related outcomes to the occurrence of PE.

A Transcriptomic Severity Classifier IMX-SEV-3b to Predict Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study.

The prediction of disease outcomes in COVID-19 patients in the ICU is of critical importance, and the examination of host gene expressions is a promising tool. The 29-host mRNA Inflam-matix-Severity-3b (IMX-SEV-3b) classifier has been reported to predict mortality in emergency department COVID-19 patients and surgical ICU patients. The accuracy of the IMX-SEV-3b in predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU is yet unknown.

Changes in incidence of hospitalization for cardiovascular diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands in 2020.

This population-based cohort study aimed to describe changes in incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospital diagnoses during the COVID-19 pandemic in The Netherlands compared with the pre-pandemic period. We used Dutch nationwide statistics about hospitalizations to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) of hospital diagnoses of CVD during the first and second COVID-19 waves in The Netherlands in 2020 versus the same periods in 2019. Compared with 2019, the incidence rate of a hospital diagnosis of ischemic stroke (IRR 0.

Levels of Fibrinogen Variants Are Altered in Severe COVID-19.

 Fibrinogen variants as a result of alternative messenger RNA splicing or protein degradation can affect fibrin(ogen) functions. The levels of these variants might be altered during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), potentially affecting disease severity or the thrombosis risk.  To investigate the levels of fibrinogen variants in plasma of patients with COVID-19.

Management of patients on antithrombotic therapy with severe infections: a joint clinical consensus statement of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis, the ESC Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis.

Patients with severe infections and a pre-existing indication for antithrombotic therapy, i.e. antiplatelet agents, anticoagulant drugs, or their combinations, require integrated clinical counselling among coagulation, infectious disease, and cardiology specialists, due to sepsis-induced coagulopathy that frequently occurs.

Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and procalcitonin for risk stratification in patients with a suspected infection in the emergency department: a prospective cohort study.

Background And Importance: Early identification of patients at risk of clinical deterioration may improve prognosis of infected patients in the emergency department (ED). Combining clinical scoring systems with biomarkers may result in a more accurate prediction of mortality than a clinical scoring system or biomarker alone.

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the performance of the combination of National Early Warning Score-2 (NEWS2) and quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score with soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) and procalcitonin to predict 30-day mortality in patients with a suspected infection in the ED.

Optimal Dosing and Timing of High-Dose Corticosteroid Therapy in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: Study Protocol for a Retrospective Observational Multicenter Study (SELECT).

Background: In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the dosing and timing of corticosteroids vary widely. Low-dose dexamethasone therapy reduces mortality in patients requiring respiratory support, but it remains unclear how to treat patients when this therapy fails. In critically ill patients, high-dose corticosteroids are often administered as salvage late in the disease course, whereas earlier administration may be more beneficial in preventing disease progression.

Association of viral kinetics, infection history, NS1 protein with plasma leakage among Indonesian dengue infected patients.

Objectives: Plasma leakage, a hallmark of disease in Dengue virus (DENV) infection, is an important clinical manifestation and is often associated with numerous factors such as viral factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of virus serotype, viral load kinetics, history of infection, and NS1 protein with plasma leakage.

Methods: Subjects with fever ≤ 48 hours and positive DENV infection were included.

COVID-19 Screening Score for Patients without Acute Respiratory Symptoms Undergoing Emergency Medical Procedures in Indonesia.

To rule out coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in patients scheduled to undergo emergency medical procedures, SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) must be performed. In developing countries, the use of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR has been limited by its unavailability and long processing time. Hence, a quick screening score to predict COVID-19 may help healthcare practitioners determine which patients without acute respiratory symptoms can safely undergo an emergency medical procedure.

Dutch Healthcare Professionals' Opinion on the Allocation of Responsibilities concerning Prescribing and Administering Medically Indicated Vaccines to Immunocompromised Patients.

Background: Specific vaccines are indicated for immunocompromised patients (ICPs) due to their vulnerability to infections. Recommendation of these vaccines by healthcare professionals (HCPs) is a crucial facilitator for vaccine uptake. Unfortunately, the responsibilities to recommend and administer these vaccines are not clearly allocated among HCPs involved in the care of adult ICPs.

The BAF complex inhibitor pyrimethamine reverses HIV-1 latency in people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy.

Reactivation of the latent HIV-1 reservoir is a first step toward triggering reservoir decay. Here, we investigated the impact of the BAF complex inhibitor pyrimethamine on the reservoir of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Twenty-eight PLWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy were randomized (1:1:1:1 ratio) to receive pyrimethamine, valproic acid, both, or no intervention for 14 days.

Blood Coagulation and Beyond: Position Paper from the Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis.

The Fourth Maastricht Consensus Conference on Thrombosis included the following themes. Theme 1: The "coagulome" as a critical driver of cardiovascular disease. Blood coagulation proteins also play divergent roles in biology and pathophysiology, related to specific organs, including brain, heart, bone marrow, and kidney.