[The role of the mediator and hormonal links of the sympathetic-adrenal system in the anxiolytic effect of close to physiological doses of L-thyroxine under stress].

Objective: To study an effect of small doses of L-thyroxine on the level of anxiety in animals under stress and to analyze the role of the mediator and hormonal links of the sympathetic-adrenal system in its implementation.

Material And Methods: The study was performed on 78 white outbread male rats. Stress was modeled using the «time deficit» method.

Evaluating Uncertainty and Modes of Variability for Antarctic Atmospheric Rivers.

Antarctic atmospheric rivers (ARs) are driven by their synoptic environments and lead to profound and varying impacts along the coastlines and over the continent. The definition and detection of ARs over Antarctica accounts for large uncertainty in AR metrics, and consequently, impacts quantification. We find that Antarctic-specific detection tools consistently capture the AR footprint inland over ice sheets, whereas most global detection tools do not.

Increases in Future AR Count and Size: Overview of the ARTMIP Tier 2 CMIP5/6 Experiment.

The Atmospheric River (AR) Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is a community effort to systematically assess how the uncertainties from AR detectors (ARDTs) impact our scientific understanding of ARs. This study describes the ARTMIP Tier 2 experimental design and initial results using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) Phases 5 and 6 multi-model ensembles. We show that AR statistics from a given ARDT in CMIP5/6 historical simulations compare remarkably well with the MERRA-2 reanalysis.

Clouds enhance Greenland ice sheet meltwater runoff.

The Greenland ice sheet has become one of the main contributors to global sea level rise, predominantly through increased meltwater runoff. The main drivers of Greenland ice sheet runoff, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that clouds enhance meltwater runoff by about one-third relative to clear skies, using a unique combination of active satellite observations, climate model data and snow model simulations.

[Effect of the thyroid status on the proteinases/inhibitors system under stress].

Тhe alarm-stage of stress reaction (аn hour after the stress of swimming of rats in a cage during an hour) is characterized by the stimulation of trypsinе-like activity (TLA) in the liver, and especially in the blood. At the resistance stage (48 hours after the stress) there is normalization of TLA in the blood and limitation of its growth in the liver. At the stage of exhaustion (an hour of stress during 10 days) the most significant increase of TLA in the liver and blood develops.

Challenges to enrollment and randomization of the Frequent Hemodialysis Network (FHN) Daily Trial.

Background: The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) sponsored a randomized clinical trial comparing six versus three times per week in-center hemodialysis (the Frequent Hemodialysis Network [FHN] Daily Trial), to test the effects of frequent hemodialysis on an array of intermediate outcomes. Herein we report challenges to enrollment and randomization into the trial.

Methods: Screening and enrollment was tracked at all participating dialysis clinics and specific reasons for dropout after baseline assessment were recorded for all enrolled subjects.

In-center hemodialysis six times per week versus three times per week.

Background: In this randomized clinical trial, we aimed to determine whether increasing the frequency of in-center hemodialysis would result in beneficial changes in left ventricular mass, self-reported physical health, and other intermediate outcomes among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

Methods: Patients were randomly assigned to undergo hemodialysis six times per week (frequent hemodialysis, 125 patients) or three times per week (conventional hemodialysis, 120 patients) for 12 months. The two coprimary composite outcomes were death or change (from baseline to 12 months) in left ventricular mass, as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, and death or change in the physical-health composite score of the RAND 36-item health survey.

Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization: catalyst-dependent polymerization profiles.

Ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP) mediated by recently developed cyclic Ru catalysts has been studied in detail with a focus on the polymer products obtained under varied reaction conditions and catalyst architectures. Depending upon the nature of the catalyst structure, two distinct molecular weight evolutions were observed. Polymerization conducted with catalysts bearing six-carbon tethers displayed rapid polymer molecular weight growth which reached a maximum value at ca.

Cyclic ruthenium-alkylidene catalysts for ring-expansion metathesis polymerization.

A series of cyclic Ru-alkylidene catalysts have been prepared and evaluated for their efficiency in ring-expansion metathesis polymerization (REMP). The catalyst structures feature chelating tethers extending from one N-atom of an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand to the Ru metal center. The catalyst design is modular in nature, which provided access to Ru complexes having varying tether lengths, as well as electronically different NHC ligands.

Health-related quality of life and estimates of utility in chronic kidney disease.

Background: Health-related quality of life and estimates of utility have been carefully evaluated in persons with end-stage renal disease. Fewer studies have examined these parameters in persons with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: To determine the relations among kidney function, health-related quality of life, and estimates of utility, we administered the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form 36 (KDQOL-36), Health Utilities Index (HUI)-3, and Time Trade-off (TTO) questionnaires to 205 persons with CKD.

The severity of secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic renal insufficiency is GFR-dependent, race-dependent, and associated with cardiovascular disease.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an important complication of end-stage renal disease. However, SHPT begins during earlier stages of chronic renal insufficiency (CRI), and little is known about risk factors for SHPT in this population. This study evaluated 218 patients in an ethnically diverse ambulatory nephrology practice at the University of California San Francisco during calendar years 1999 and 2000.

Role of thyroid hormones in stress-induced synthesis of heat-shock proteins in the myocardium.

Thyroxine in near-physiological doses increased the content of heat-shock proteins in the myocardium and stimulated their accumulation during immobilization stress. Blockade of thyroid functions with methimazole decreased the content of heat-shock proteins in rat myocardium during stress and heat shock and prevented their accumulation during adaptation to short-term immobilizations.

Issues in renal nutrition for persons from the former Soviet Union.

Dietary practices differ greatly among individuals by race and ethnicity. The importance of these differences is accentuated in patients with end-stage renal disease, a population for whom dietary restrictions are often prescribed. In addition to the known variation in dietary practices among US-born whites and African-Americans, persons of other ethnicities often present new and unique challenges to the dialysis-nutrition care team.

Influence of the thyroid status of the organism in the realization of the adaptational effect of cold.

The combined three- and six-hour effect of immobilization and cold on euthyroid rats induces suppression of the contractile function and functional reserve of the heart, the death, respectively, of 30 and 80% of the animals, hypothermia, changes in the weight of the adrenals and the spleen, and ulceration of the mucosa of the stomach. Stressing of the hypothyroid rats is accompanied by a substantially more pronounced decrease in the indices of cardiac dynamics and the resistance of the organism after 3 h, and the death of 100% of the animals after 6 h. The periodic effect of cold on euthyroid rats leads to an increase in the strength and speed of contraction and relaxation of the myocardium, as well as to an increase in the relative weight of the spleen.