Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial-loaded cements and beads in orthopedic trauma and arthroplasty.

Purpose: Implants in orthopedic trauma and arthroplasty surgery establish a milieu conducive to biofilm formation. Antimicrobial-loaded cements (ABCs) and beads have become popular in treating acute and chronic orthopedic surgery-related infections. The growing incidence of antimicrobial resistance has necessitated the exploration of alternative antibiotic medications.

Using Quality Improvement to Design and Evaluate an Outpatient Day Treatment Pathway for Pediatric Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Requiring Insulin Initiation.

Introduction: Education and management of children with new-onset or established diabetes mellitus (DM) requiring insulin initiation do not always require hospitalization. We developed a pathway for outpatient day treatment of select patients after initial evaluation in the emergency department (ED) at a pediatric, tertiary care academic medical center.

Methods: A multidisciplinary team identified key initial eligibility criteria for outpatient day treatment for insulin initiation, including absence of diabetic ketoacidosis, age ≥3 years, and plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB) <1 mmol/L.

Generation and Maintenance of Patient-Derived Endometrial Cancer Organoids.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Despite advancements in cancer research, EC death rates are increasing, particularly high-grade endometrial cancers.

Characteristics and predictors of disease course in children initially presenting with ADEM.

ADEM is an inflammatory disease, with new onset polyfocal neurologic symptoms, encephalopathy and multifocal demyelination, typically in childhood. Initial diagnosis of ADEM is challenging and up to 20 % of children with MS or NMOSD are initially diagnosed with ADEM. We describe characteristics of patients with monophasic ADEM vs.

Atlantic Canadians' Sensory Perception of Couscous Made with Sugar Kelp ().

Sugar kelp ( has many nutritional benefits and has been identified as a rich source of fibre, vitamins, and antioxidants. However, it is not regularly consumed in the Western world, and the sensory perception of foods containing sugar kelp must be investigated to increase acceptance in North America. This study evaluated consumers' (n = 99) sensory perception of couscous with increasing amounts of sugar kelp (0% (control), 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% wt/wt).

Crystal structure of Alzheimer's disease phospholipase D3 provides a molecular basis for understanding its normal and pathological functions.

Human 5'-3' exonuclease PLD3, a member of the phospholipase D family of enzymes, has been validated as a therapeutic target for treating Alzheimer's disease. Here, we have determined the crystal structure of the luminal domain of the enzyme at 2.3 Å resolution, revealing a bilobal structure with a catalytic site located between the lobes.

Navigating Hormone Therapy in Postmenopausal Women: Balancing Symptom Relief With Cancer Risk.

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

Patient and family views on research priorities and design of clinical trials and research studies in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: This survey study aimed to (1) identify patient/family research priorities in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS), and (2) delineate optimized methods for research study/clinical trials design, engagement, and implementation.

Methods: Participants were as follows: (1) parents of a child (<18 years) with POMS enrolled in a national registry, (2) adolescents (13-17 years) with POMS in the registry, and (3) adults (18-40 years) with POMS receiving care at a registry affiliated clinic. Of 293 eligible participants, 192 completed surveys.

Unexpected Observation of Disorder and Multiple Phase-Transition Pathways in Shock-Compressed Zr.

The response of materials under dynamic compression involves a complex interplay of various deformation mechanisms aimed at relieving shear stresses, yielding a remarkable diversity in material behavior. In this Letter, we utilize femtosecond x-ray diffraction coupled with nanosecond laser compression to reveal an intricate competition between multiple shear-relieving mechanisms within an elemental metal. Our observations in shocked-compressed single-crystal Zr indicate a disorder-mediated shear relaxation at lower pressures.

Distinct plasma lipids predict axonal injury and multiple sclerosis activity.

Background: Lipids are of particular interest for the study of neuroinjury and neuroinflammation as structural lipids are major components of myelin, and a variety of lipid species modulate inflammation. In this study, we performed an in-depth lipidomics analysis to identify lipids associated with injury and disease activity.

Methods: Plasma samples were collected from paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS) cases within 4 years of disease onset from 17 sites.

Media-Based Post-Event Impact Analysis of the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada.

The unprecedented 2021 Heat Dome caused wide-ranging and long-lasting impacts in western Canada, including 619 confirmed heat-related deaths in British Columbia, a doubling of emergency medical calls, increased hospitalisations, infrastructure failures and stress on plants and animals. However, such varied socio-economic consequences of extreme heat can be challenging to capture using a single post-event analysis method. Therefore, there is a need to explore alternative approaches and data sources.

Consumers' familiarity with wine increased their acceptance of pasta sauce containing grape pomace.

Grape pomace (GP) is a waste product of the winemaking process and has been proposed as a nutritionally beneficial ingredient, as it contains phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity. It can be a polarizing ingredient due to its flavor components. Familiarity has been found to influence consumers' preferences and sensory perception of food.

Early Adversity and Socioeconomic Factors in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Objectives: Psychosocial adversity and stress, known to predispose adults to neurodegenerative and inflammatory immune disorders, are widespread among children who experience socioeconomic disadvantage, and the associated neurotoxicity and proinflammatory profile may predispose these children to multiple sclerosis (MS). We sought to determine associations of socioeconomic disadvantage and psychosocial adversity with odds of pediatric-onset MS (POMS), age at POMS onset, and POMS disease activity.

Methods: This case-control study used data collected across 17 sites in the United States by the Environmental and Genetic Risk Factors for Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study.

Isolated Psychiatric Symptoms in Children With Anti-N-Methyl-d Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis.

Background: Isolated psychiatric symptoms can be the initial symptom of pediatric anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor autoimmune encephalitis (pNMDARE). Here we report on the prevalence of isolated psychiatric symptoms in pNMDARE. We also assess whether initial neurodiagnostic tests (brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], electroencephalography [EEG], and/or cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] white blood cell count) are abnormal in children with isolated psychiatric symptoms and pNMDARE.

Association of nutritional intake with clinical and imaging activity in pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Background: Understanding nutrition's role in multiple sclerosis (MS) can guide recommendations and intervention-based studies.

Objective: Evaluate the association between nutrition and pediatric-onset MS outcomes.

Methods: Prospective longitudinal multicenter study conducted as part of the US Network of Pediatric MS centers.

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells recognize butyrophilin 2A1 and 3A1 heteromers.

Butyrophilin (BTN) molecules are emerging as key regulators of T cell immunity; however, how they trigger cell-mediated responses is poorly understood. Here, the crystal structure of a gamma-delta T cell antigen receptor (γδTCR) in complex with BTN2A1 revealed that BTN2A1 engages the side of the γδTCR, leaving the apical TCR surface bioavailable. We reveal that a second γδTCR ligand co-engages γδTCR via binding to this accessible apical surface in a BTN3A1-dependent manner.

Predictors of a relapsing course in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Background: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a recently described demyelinating disorder, and children represent about 50% of all cases. Almost half of the patients experience relapses, but very few studies have evaluated predictors of relapse risk, challenging clinical management. The study aimed to identify predictors at MOGAD onset that are associated with a relapsing course.

An investigation into the sensory properties of luffa [Luffa cylindrica (L.)] sap.

The seeds and sap of luffa [Luffa cylindrica (L.)] are usually discarded as waste. As such, this study aimed to identify the sensory properties of luffa sap (aqueous solution) and if it can be incorporated into a food item (orange juice) for added nutritional benefits and as an alternative sweetener.

B1-B2 transition in shock-compressed MgO.

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is a major component of the Earth's mantle and is expected to play a similar role in the mantles of large rocky exoplanets. At extreme pressures, MgO transitions from the NaCl 1 crystal structure to a CsCl 2 structure, which may have implications for exoplanetary deep mantle dynamics. In this study, we constrain the phase diagram of MgO with laser-compression along the shock Hugoniot, with simultaneous measurements of crystal structure, density, pressure, and temperature.

Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes in pediatric-onset MS patients on fingolimod and ocrelizumab.

Background: Observational studies looking at clinical a++nd MRI outcomes of treatments in pediatric MS, could assess current treatment algorithms, and provide insights for designing future clinical trials.

Objective: To describe baseline characteristics and clinical and MRI outcomes in MS patients initiating ocrelizumab and fingolimod under 18 years of age.

Methods: MS patients seen at 12 centers of US Network of Pediatric MS were included in this study if they had clinical and MRI follow-up and started treatment with either ocrelizumab or fingolimod prior to the age of 18.

An exploration into the relationship between insomnia and repetitive negative thinking among cancer survivors.

Objective: Insomnia and repetitive negative thinking (RNT) are both prevalent among cancer survivors, yet little work has investigated their interrelationship. To explore the hypothesis that RNT and insomnia are related, we conducted secondary analyses on data from a pilot clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) for cancer survivors.

Methods: This study analyzed survey data from 40 cancer survivors with insomnia who participated in a pilot randomized trial of CBT-I.

Dynamics of virological and immunological markers of HIV persistence after allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in the IciStem cohort: a prospective observational cohort study.

Background: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) markedly reduces HIV reservoirs, but the mechanisms by which this occurs are only partly understood. In this study, we aimed to describe the dynamics of virological and immunological markers of HIV persistence after allo-HSCT.

Methods: In this prospective observational cohort study, we analysed the viral reservoir and serological dynamics in IciStem cohort participants with HIV who had undergone allo-HSCT and were receiving antiretroviral therapy, ten of whom had received cells from donors with the CCR5Δ32 mutation.

"": A Thematic Analysis of News Coverage on Homelessness and the 2021 Heat Dome in Canada.

Among the most vulnerable to the health-harming effects of heat are people experiencing homelessness. However, during the 2021 Heat Dome, the deadliest extreme heat event (EHE) recorded in Canada to date, people experiencing homelessness represented the smallest proportion of decedents (n = 3, 0.5%)-despite the impacted region (British Columbia) having some of the highest rates of homelessness in the country.