Stop The Falls! A framework for injury prevention outreach for older adults presented by the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Geriatric Trauma and Injury Prevention Committees.

With the increasing age of the population in the USA, fall prevention events to target older patients are imperative. The American Association for the Surgery of Trauma hosted a fall prevention event at the host city of the 2023 Annual Meeting. We review the planning and implementation of this "Stop the Falls" event, in hopes that other institutions may benefit and sustainably effectuate fall prevention events for an increasingly geriatric population.

Operative Trauma and Mortality: The Role of Volume.

Introduction: Operative volume is associated with improved outcomes across many surgical specialties, but this relationship has not been illustrated clearly in trauma. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between operative trauma volume and mortality, hypothesizing that increased volume would be associated with improved survival.

Materials And Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank was queried for patients ≥18 y undergoing hemorrhage control surgery at level I or II trauma centers from 2017 to 2020.

Fetal Vertebral Chondrostasis-Significance of Excessive Cartilage in Vertebral Bodies of Newborns.

Introduction: We describe an abnormality in fetal and neonatal vertebral bodies whose most conspicuous characteristic is an increase in cartilaginous matrix within cancellous osseous trabeculae. We have termed this finding fetal chondrostasis (FC).

Methods: We initiated a retrospective review of autopsy reports in which this condition had been prospectively diagnosed during a 36-year period.

Which social determinants of health have the highest impact in community oncology to advance patient care equity and improve health outcomes? A scoping review.

Introduction: To better understand the SDOH-health equity landscape within a community oncology setting to answer the research question, "Which SDOH can have the highest impact in community oncology to advance patient care equity and improve health outcomes?"

Methods: Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework was used to identify evidence related to SDOH and health equity in community oncology. The study was guided by the "10-Step Framework for Continuous Patient Engagement" and a Community Advisory Board to assure relevance to patients and community providers. Literature was retrieved from literary databases and oncology organizations' websites.

Acute kidney injury in the acute care surgery patient: What you need to know.

Acute kidney injury is associated with poor outcomes in the trauma and emergency general surgery population, and recent consensus definitions have allowed for significant advances in defining the burden of disease. The current definitions rely on overall functional measures (i.e.

Effects of Antioxidant Dietary Supplement Use upon Response to Cancer Treatment: A Scoping Review of Available Evidence.

Introduction: The effects of antioxidant dietary supplements on response to biological therapies for cancer is unknown. We conducted a scoping review of the available systematic review evidence on this question.

Methods And Analysis: We searched six databases from inception to August 19, 2022 for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of antioxidant dietary supplements used by patients receiving curative chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or other biological therapy for cancer and assessing the impact of supplements on survival, treatment response, or disease progression.

Discrete Choice Experiments to Elicit Patient Preferences for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review.

Background: Individual preferences for treatment options for major depressive disorder can impact therapeutic decision making, adherence, and ultimately outcomes.

Objectives: This systematic review of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) on patient preferences for major depressive disorder treatment assessed the range of DCE applications in major depressive disorder to document patient stakeholder involvement in DCE development and to identify the relative importance of treatment attributes.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE via Ovid (1946-present), EMBASE (Elsevier interface), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Wiley interface), and PsycINFO (EBSCO interface) databases on 29 May, 2024.

Utility of fractional excretion of urea in acute kidney injury with comparison to fractional excretion of sodium: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Differentiating between intrinsic and prerenal acute kidney injury (AKI) presents a challenge. Here, we assessed the performance of the fractional excretion of urea (FEUrea) and compared it to the fractional excretion of sodium (FENa) in distinguishing intrinsic from prerenal AKI.

Methods: A thorough search was conducted in several databases until January 16, 2024.

Interpretable metric learning in comparative metagenomics: The adaptive Haar-like distance.

Random forests have emerged as a promising tool in comparative metagenomics because they can predict environmental characteristics based on microbial composition in datasets where β-diversity metrics fall short of revealing meaningful relationships between samples. Nevertheless, despite this efficacy, they lack biological insight in tandem with their predictions, potentially hindering scientific advancement. To overcome this limitation, we leverage a geometric characterization of random forests to introduce a data-driven phylogenetic β-diversity metric, the adaptive Haar-like distance.

Physiologic validation of the Compensatory Reserve Metric obtained from pulse oximetry: A step toward advanced medical monitoring on the battlefield.

Background: The Compensatory Reserve Metric (CRM) provides a time sensitive indicator of hemodynamic decompensation. However, its in-field utility is limited because of the size and cost-intensive nature of standard vital sign monitors or photoplethysmographic volume-clamp (PPG VC ) devices used to measure arterial waveforms. In this regard, photoplethysmographic measurements obtained from pulse oximetry may serve as a useful, portable alternative.

Outpatient treatment with concomitant vaccine-boosted convalescent plasma for patients with immunosuppression and COVID-19.

Although severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and hospitalization associated with COVID-19 are generally preventable among healthy vaccine recipients, patients with immunosuppression have poor immunogenic responses to COVID-19 vaccines and remain at high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and hospitalization. In addition, monoclonal antibody therapy is limited by the emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants that have serially escaped neutralization. In this context, there is interest in understanding the clinical benefit associated with COVID-19 convalescent plasma collected from persons who have been both naturally infected with SARS-CoV-2 and vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 ("vax-plasma").

Endoscopic outcomes using a novel through-the-scope tack and suture system for gastrointestinal defect closure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Closure of gastrointestinal defects can reduce postprocedural adverse events. Over-the-scope clips and an over-the-scope suturing system are widely available, yet their use may be limited by defect size, location, operator skill level, and need to reinsert the endoscope with the device attached. The introduction of a through-the-scope helix tack suture system (TTSS) allows for closure of large irregular defects using a gastroscope or colonoscope, without the need for endoscope withdrawal.

Diagnostic performance of blue laser imaging for early detection of gastric cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is associated with a significant global health burden and high mortality rates when diagnosed at later stages. The diagnosis often occurs at advanced stages when treatment options are limited and less effective. Early detection strategies are crucial to improving survival rates and outcomes for patients.

A decade of firearm injuries: Have we improved?

Background: Firearm injuries are a growing public health issue, with marked increases coinciding with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study evaluates temporal trends over the past decade, hypothesizing that despite a growing number of injuries, mortality would be unaffected. In addition, the study characterizes the types of centers affected disproportionately by the reported firearm injury surge in 2020.

Rates Among Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Treated With Convalescent Plasma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: To examine the association of COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion with mortality and the differences between subgroups in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Patients And Methods: On October 26, 2022, a systematic search was performed for clinical studies of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in the literature from January 1, 2020, to October 26, 2022. Randomized clinical trials and matched cohort studies investigating COVID-19 convalescent plasma transfusion compared with standard of care treatment or placebo among hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included.

The State of Use and Utility of Negative Controls in Pharmacoepidemiologic Studies.

Uses of real-world data in drug safety and effectiveness studies are often challenged by various sources of bias. We undertook a systematic search of the published literature through September 2020 to evaluate the state of use and utility of negative controls to address bias in pharmacoepidemiologic studies. Two reviewers independently evaluated study eligibility and abstracted data.

The relationship between hemoglobin and [Formula: see text]: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: There is widespread agreement about the key role of hemoglobin for oxygen transport. Both observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between hemoglobin levels and maximal oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) in humans. However, there exists considerable variability in the scientific literature regarding the potential relationship between hemoglobin and [Formula: see text].

Evaluation of coagulopathy in cirrhotic patients: A scoping review of the utility of viscoelastic testing.

Background: Cirrhosis causes significant coagulopathy. Traditional coagulation tests may not accurately measure coagulopathy in well-compensated patients with cirrhosis. Viscoelastic tests are functional tests that may better assess coagulopathy in cirrhotic patients.

AACP faculty affairs standing committee report of strategies for faculty self-advocacy and promotion.

Objectives: The 2020-2021 American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy Faculty Affairs Standing Committee (FASC) was charged with identifying how faculty can self-advocate and promote themselves in a social influence context.

Findings: The FASC identified social influence and persuasion theories and strategies that can be used by faculty to initiate self-advocacy discussions and collaborations. Social influence and persuasion theories can provide a framework for research and scholarship or for beginning discussions regarding self-advocacy.

In too deep? A systematic literature review of fully-immersive virtual reality and cybersickness among older adults.

Background: Virtual reality technology holds great promise in improving the health and well-being of older adults; however, this technology is associated with potential risks that may outweigh the benefits. The purpose of this systematic review is to synthesize and critique the existing literature on fully-immersive virtual reality interventions for older adults and the associated risk of cybersickness.

Methods: We searched eight databases for studies that utilized fully-immersive virtual reality, stated the population as older adults, provided outcomes related to cybersickness, and were written or translated into the English language.

Reducing safety behaviors to prevent anxious symptoms: a pre-registered prevention intervention study.

The purpose of this pre-registered study was to test the efficacy of a simple, low-impact safety behavior prevention intervention for anxiety. The intervention was delivered online using a 4-week workbook format. Participants ( = 130) were a non-clinical sample of American college students; they were randomly assigned to one of two intervention conditions: safety-behavior reduction or active control condition (academic skills).

Does Schooling Have Lasting Effects on Cognitive Function? Evidence From Compulsory Schooling Laws.

This study assesses whether an additional year of secondary schooling has lasting causal effects on cognitive function. I use data from Understanding Society, the largest longitudinal household study in the United Kingdom, and exploit quasi-experimental variation in schooling from the 1972 raising of the school-leaving age in England and Wales. This reform increased the minimum secondary school‒leaving age from 15 to 16 years.