Intraoperative mixed-reality spinal neuronavigation system: a novel navigation technique for spinal intradural pathologies.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the intraoperative accuracy and feasibility of 3D-printed marker-based mixed-reality neurosurgical navigation for spinal intradural pathologies.

Methods: The authors produced 3D segmentations of spinal intradural tumors with neighboring structures by using combined CT and MRI, and preoperative registration of pathology and markers was successfully performed. A patient-specific, surgeon-facilitated application for mobile devices was built, and a mixed-reality light detection and ranging (LIDAR) camera on a mobile device was employed for cost-effective, high-accuracy spinal neuronavigation.

Three-dimensional-printed marker-based augmented reality neuronavigation: a new neuronavigation technique.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the precision and feasibility of 3D-printed marker-based augmented reality (AR) neurosurgical navigation and its use intraoperatively compared with optical tracking neuronavigation systems (OTNSs).

Methods: Three-dimensional-printed markers for CT and MRI and intraoperative use were applied with mobile devices using an AR light detection and ranging (LIDAR) camera. The 3D segmentations of intracranial tumors were created with CT and MR images, and preoperative registration of the marker and pathology was performed.