Calorie restriction increases the sensitivity of progeroid Ercc1 mice to acute (neuro)inflammation.

Hospitalized elderly patients frequently suffer from delirium, especially in the context of sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Current treatments of delirium are merely symptomatic. Calorie restriction (CR) is both a promising strategy to protect against sepsis and has beneficial effects on aging-induced neurodegeneration.

NLRP1-dependent activation of Gasdermin D in neutrophils controls cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Intracellular pathogens that replicate in host myeloid cells have devised ways to inhibit the cell's killing machinery. Pyroptosis is one of the host strategies used to reduce the pathogen replicating niche and thereby control its expansion. The intracellular Leishmania parasites can survive and use neutrophils as a silent entry niche, favoring subsequent parasite dissemination into the host.

Which Gait Tasks Produce Reliable Outcome Measures of Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease?

Background: Measurement of freezing of gait (FOG) relies on the sensitivity and reliability of tasks to provoke FOG. It is currently unclear which tasks provide the best outcomes and how medication state plays into this.

Objective: To establish the sensitivity and test-retest reliability of various FOG-provoking tasks for presence and severity of FOG, with (ON) and without (OFF) dopaminergic medication.

Automatic Detection and Assessment of Freezing of Gait Manifestations.

Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic and highly disabling symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although described as a single phenomenon, FOG is heterogeneous and can express as different manifestations, such as trembling in place or complete akinesia. We aimed to analyze the efficacy of deep learning (DL) trained on inertial measurement unit data to classify FOG into both manifestations.

Hippocampal neuroimmune response in mice undergoing serial daily torpor induced by calorie restriction.

Hibernating animals demonstrate a remarkable ability to withstand extreme physiological brain changes without triggering adverse neuroinflammatory responses. While hibernators may offer valuable insights into the neuroprotective mechanisms inherent to hibernation, studies using such species are constrained by the limited availability of molecular tools. Laboratory mice may serve as an alternative, entering states of hypometabolism and hypothermia similar to the torpor observed in hibernation when faced with energy shortage.

Presence of active AKT in the nucleus upon adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.

AKT is an essential player in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway. Although the mechanisms of its action are well understood at the plasma membrane, AKT can also be found in the nucleus. In adipocytes, this pathway is activated during the process of adipogenesis and solicits both plasma membrane and nuclear AKT activity.

Freezing of gait assessment with inertial measurement units and deep learning: effect of tasks, medication states, and stops.

Background: Freezing of gait (FOG) is an episodic and highly disabling symptom of Parkinson's Disease (PD). Traditionally, FOG assessment relies on time-consuming visual inspection of camera footage. Therefore, previous studies have proposed portable and automated solutions to annotate FOG.

Concurrent colonization of rodent kidneys with multiple species and serogroups of pathogenic .

Rodents are important reservoir hosts of pathogenic leptospires in the US Virgin Islands. Our previous work determined that trapped rodents were colonized with serogroup Ballum ( = 48) and/or serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae ( = 3). In addition, nine rodents appeared to be colonized with a mixed population comprising more than one species/serogroup.

Acute phase proteins and total antioxidant capacity in free-roaming cats infected by pathogenic leptospires.

Background: Leptospirosis is a neglected but widespread zoonotic disease throughout the world. Most mammals are hosts of Leptospira spp., including domestic cats, species in which no consensus has been reached on the clinical presentation or diagnosis of the disease.

Liver transcriptomic and methylomic analyses identify transcriptional mitogen-activated protein kinase regulation in facultative hibernation of Syrian hamster.

Hibernation consists of alternating torpor-arousal phases, during which animals cope with repetitive hypothermia and ischaemia-reperfusion. Due to limited transcriptomic and methylomic information for facultative hibernators, we here conducted RNA and whole-genome bisulfide sequencing in liver of hibernating Syrian hamster (). Gene ontology analysis was performed on 844 differentially expressed genes and confirmed the shift in metabolic fuel utilization, inhibition of RNA transcription and cell cycle regulation as found in seasonal hibernators.

Validation of Commercial Activity Trackers in Everyday Life of People with Parkinson's Disease.

Maintaining physical activity is an important clinical goal for people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD). We investigated the validity of two commercial activity trackers (ATs) to measure daily step counts. We compared a wrist- and a hip-worn commercial AT against the research-grade Dynaport Movemonitor (DAM) during 14 days of daily use.

Temperature Effects on DNA Damage during Hibernation.

AbstractDuring multiday torpor, deep-hibernating mammals maintain a hypometabolic state where heart rate and ventilation are reduced to 2%-4% of euthermic rates. It is hypothesized that this ischemia-like condition may cause DNA damage through reactive oxygen species production. The reason for intermittent rewarming (arousal) during hibernation might be to repair the accumulated DNA damage.

serovar Hardjo and serogroup Pyrogenes isolated from bovine dairy herds in Puerto Rico.

Leptospirosis is one of the most common zoonotic diseases in the world and endemic in the Caribbean Islands. Bovine leptospirosis is an important reproductive disease. Globally, cattle are recognized as a reservoir host for serovar Hardjo, which is transmitted urine, semen, and uterine discharges, and can result in abortion and poor reproductive performance.

spp. Prevalence in Cats from Southern Italy with Evaluation of Risk Factors for Exposure and Clinical Findings in Infected Cats.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, but feline leptospirosis is rarely reported. This study aimed at investigating spp. prevalence in cats from southern Italy, evaluating risk factors, clinical findings and laboratory data associated with infection.

Comparison of Two Type Strains of Serovar Grippotyphosa in Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) Diagnostics for the Detection of Infections with Leptospires in Horses, Dogs and Pigs.

The MAT test is of great importance in the diagnosis of leptospiral infections. Based on various differences, the serovar Grippotyphosa has been divided into two types, Moskva V and Duyster. Differences or similarities of the two type strains in the context of leptospiral diagnostics have not yet been elucidated in more detail; therefore both strains were analysed in MAT diagnostics for the detection of leptospiral infections in pigs, dogs and horses.

Cooling of Cells and Organs Confers Extensive DNA Strand Breaks Through Oxidative Stress and ATP Depletion.

Cooling at 4°C is routinely used to lower metabolism and preserve cell and tissue integrity in laboratory and clinical settings, including organ transplantation. However, cooling and rewarming produce cell damage, attributed primarily to a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon rewarming. While DNA represents a highly vulnerable target of ROS, it is unknown whether cooling and/or rewarming produces DNA damage.

Comparison of the Serion IgM ELISA and Microscopic Agglutination Test for diagnosis of Leptospira spp. infections in sera from different geographical origins and estimation of Leptospira seroprevalence in the Wiwa indigenous population from Colombia.

Leptospirosis is among the most important zoonotic diseases in (sub-)tropical countries. The research objective was to evaluate the accuracy of the Serion IgM ELISA EST125M against the Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT = imperfect reference test); to assess its ability to diagnose acute leptospirosis infections and to detect previous exposure to leptospires in an endemic setting. In addition, to estimate the overall Leptospira spp.

Bovine Leptospirosis Due to Persistent Renal Carriage of Serovar Tarassovi.

Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in human and animal populations. is a leading cause of human disease, and . is a leading cause of animal disease.

Homozygous whole body Cbs knockout in adult mice features minimal pathology during ageing despite severe homocysteinemia.

Deficiencies in Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHCy), which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular, bone and neurological disease. Moreover, CBS is important for the production of cysteine, hydrogen sulfide (H S) and glutathione. Studying the biological role of CBS in adult mice has been severely hampered by embryological disturbances and perinatal mortality.

The c-MET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to neutrophil-driven pathology in cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Neutrophils are the first line of defence against invading pathogens. Although neutrophils are well-known professional killers, some pathogens including Leishmania (L.) parasites survive in neutrophils, using these cells to establish infection.

Are Pathogenic Leptospira a Possible Cause of Aseptic Meningitis in Suspected Children in Sudan?

Introduction: Clinical presentations of leptospirosis are diverse, with meningitis easily confused with other microbial causes. We aimed to investigate the involvement of pathogenic leptospira in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of meningitis-suspected children in Sudan.

Methods: A total of 153 CSF specimens were collected over 5 months from patients attending a reference pediatric hospital in Omdurman, Sudan.

Complete Genome Sequencing of Isolates from Malaysia Reveals Massive Genome Rearrangement but High Conservation of Virulence-Associated Genes.

The ability of Leptospirae to persist in environments and animal hosts but to cause clinically highly variable disease in humans has made leptospirosis the most common zoonotic disease. Considering the paucity of data on variation in complete genomes of human pathogenic Leptospirae, we have used a combination of Single Molecule Real-Time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing to obtain complete genome sequences of six human clinical isolates from Malaysia. All six contained the larger (4.

Torpor enhances synaptic strength and restores memory performance in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Hibernation induces neurodegeneration-like changes in the brain, which are completely reversed upon arousal. Hibernation-induced plasticity may therefore be of great relevance for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, but remains largely unexplored. Here we show that a single torpor and arousal sequence in mice does not induce dendrite retraction and synapse loss as observed in seasonal hibernators.