Exploring Gender Differences in the Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Metabolic Parameters.

Background: Gender differences in metabolic response to lifestyle interventions remain poorly explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a six-month Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention combined with regular physical activity on metabolic parameters in overweight adults.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted in an obesity clinic in Rome, Italy, involving overweight adults (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m) motivated to improve their lifestyle.

Supplementation with essential amino acids in the early stage of carbohydrate reintroduction after a very-low energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) improves body cell mass, muscle strength and inflammation.

Background: Although little is yet known about the long-term maintenance of very low-energy ketogenic therapy (VLEKT) effects on body composition, muscle strength and inflammation, it is plausible to assume that changes may occur, particularly during the steps following the ketogenic step, due to the loss of the protective effects of ketones and the concomitant reintroduction of carbohydrates. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with 8 g per day of essential amino acids (EAAs) on these parameters.

Methods: A total of 68 women of reproductive age and with grade I obesity who had completed 45 days of the ketogenic phase with VLEKT (KeNuT protocol) and 40 days of non-ketogenic phase of KeNuT protocol with VLEKT (phase 3, fruit reintroduction) were included in the study.

Design and methodology of the 'endometriosis and pelvic floor dysfunction' (EndoPFD) multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objective: To assess the prevalence and the characteristics of pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) in women with endometriosis.

Methods: This is a methodological paper that describes the 'Endometriosis and Pelvic Floor Dysfunction' (EndoPFD) multicenter study protocol. It involves three sites: the University Hospital of Pisa, the San Raffaele Hospital of Milan and the Vanvitelli University Hospital of Naples.

Gender differences in body composition, dietary patterns, and physical activity: insights from a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: This study investigates the interplay between body composition, dietary patterns, and physical activity across genders, focusing on gender-specific differences in food preferences and eating behaviors. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing targeted nutritional and lifestyle interventions.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,333 participants (58.

Assessing gender differences in food preferences and physical activity: a population-based survey.

Introduction: Food preferences are influenced by various factors, such as culture, age, and gender. The relationship between food tastes, meal preferences, and eating habits has been studied extensively in recent years; however, research on gender differences in these fields still needs to be addressed. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in food preferences and eating habits through self-administered questionnaires in a large Italian population sample.

Effects of Different Nutritional Patterns and Physical Activity on Body Composition: A Gender and Age Group Comparative Study.

This cross-sectional study analyses differences in dietary habits, taste preferences, variety of protein sources and body composition (BC) profiles among individuals following omnivorous, flexitarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and pescatarian diets. Furthermore, it assesses the correlations between these dietary patterns and various sports, classified by exercise intensity, in relation to BC parameters. The study analysed the eating habits and BC data of 1342 participants aged 18-65 years, classified into four diet groups based on their 7-day food diaries and questionnaire responses.

The Impact of Diet and Physical Activity on Fat-to-Lean Mass Ratio.

In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of a personalised low-calorie Mediterranean Diet (MD) in promoting fat mass (FM) reduction while preserving fat-free mass (FFM). This study involved 100 Caucasian adults aged 18-65 years who followed a tailored low-calorie MD for two months. The total energy expenditure was assessed using a multi-sensor armband.

Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet vs hypocaloric balanced diet in the prevention of high-frequency episodic migraine: the EMIKETO randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Migraine is the second world's cause of disability. Among non-pharmacological treatments, nutritional intervention, particularly ketogenic diet, represents one of the most promising approaches.

Methods: This a prospective, single center, randomized, controlled study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) compared to a hypocaloric balanced diet (HBD) in migraine prophylaxis in patients affected by high-frequency episodic migraine (HFEM) with a Body Mass Index (BMI) > 27 kg/m.

Sustainable Strategies for Increasing Legume Consumption: Culinary and Educational Approaches.

Legumes are nutrient-dense crops with health-promoting benefits. However, several barriers are associated with their consumption. Emerging issues including food neophobic tendencies or taboos, unclear dietary guidelines on legume consumption, health concerns, and socio-economic reasons, as well as long cooking procedures, adversely affect legume consumption frequency.

Neutral Effect of Skeletal Muscle Mineralocorticoid Receptor on Glucose Metabolism in Mice.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is able to regulate the transcription of a number of genes in the myotube, although its roles in skeletal muscle (SM) metabolism still await demonstration. SM represents a major site for glucose uptake, and its metabolic derangements play a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of SM MR in mediating derangements of glucose metabolism in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.

Nutraceuticals in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation.

Obesity and its associated comorbidities have become pandemic, and challenge the global healthcare system. Lifestyle changes, nutritional interventions and phamaceuticals should be differently combined in a personalized strategy to tackle such a public health burden. Altered brown adipose tissue (BAT) function contributes to the pathophysiology of obesity and glucose metabolism dysfunctions.

Exploring the Role of Skeletal Muscle in Insulin Resistance: Lessons from Cultured Cells to Animal Models.

Skeletal muscle is essential to maintain vital functions such as movement, breathing, and thermogenesis, and it is now recognized as an endocrine organ. Muscles release factors named myokines, which can regulate several physiological processes. Moreover, skeletal muscle is particularly important in maintaining body homeostasis, since it is responsible for more than 75% of all insulin-mediated glucose disposal.

Digital Approach for the Rehabilitation of the Edentulous Maxilla with Pterygoid and Standard Implants: The Static and Dynamic Computer-Aided Protocols.

A full-arch rehabilitation of the edentulous upper jaw without grafting procedures exploits the residual alveolar or the basal bone, with the necessity of long implants placed with a particular orientation. The precision in planning and placing the fixtures is fundamental to avoid clinical problems and to allow an acceptable connection with the prosthesis. The computer-aided implantology resulted in more accuracy than the traditional one, with a high standard of correspondence between the virtual project and the real outcome.

The dark side of the spoon - glucose, ketones and COVID-19: a possible role for ketogenic diet?

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is posing a serious challenge to the health-care systems worldwide, with an enormous impact on health conditions and loss of lives. Notably, obesity and its related comorbidities are strictly related with worse clinical outcomes of COVID-19 disease. Recently, there is a growing interest in the clinical use of ketogenic diets (KDs), particularly in the context of severe obesity with related metabolic complications.

The novel non-steroidal MR antagonist finerenone improves metabolic parameters in high-fat diet-fed mice and activates brown adipose tissue via AMPK-ATGL pathway.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are recommended for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension, mainly due to their natriuretic and anti-fibrotic mode of action. Rodent studies have shown that MRAs can prevent adverse metabolic consequences of obesity but an elucidation of underlying molecular mechanisms is missing. Here, we investigated metabolic effects of the novel non-steroidal MRA finerenone (FIN) in a mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and the signaling pathways activated by MR antagonism at level of interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT).

Circulating Irisin and esRAGE as Early Biomarkers of Decline of Metabolic Health.

A decline in metabolic health may take place before observing any alteration in the levels of the traditional metabolic markers. New indicators of metabolic derangement are therefore compelling. Irisin is a myokine with important metabolic functions.

Role of Aldosterone and Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Cardiovascular Aging.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was originally identified as a regulator of blood pressure, able to modulate renal sodium handling in response to its principal ligand aldosterone. MR is expressed in several extra-renal tissues, including the heart, vasculature, and adipose tissue. More recent studies have shown that extra-renal MR plays a relevant role in the control of cardiovascular and metabolic functions and has recently been implicated in the pathophysiology of aging.

Metabolic Reprogramming Promotes Myogenesis During Aging.

Sarcopenia is the age-related progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength finally leading to poor physical performance. Impaired myogenesis contributes to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, while mitochondrial dysfunctions are thought to play a primary role in skeletal muscle loss during aging. Here we studied the link between myogenesis and metabolism.

Corrigendum to "Chemotherapeutic Drugs and Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Focus on Doxorubicin, Trastuzumab, and Sunitinib".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2018/7582730.].

RANKL/RANK/OPG system beyond bone remodeling: involvement in breast cancer and clinical perspectives.

RANKL/RANK/OPG system consists of three essential signaling molecules: i) the receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB-ligand (RANKL), ii) the receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK), and iii) the soluble decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG). Although this system is critical for the regulation of osteoclast differentiation/activation and calcium release from the skeleton, different studies have elucidated its specific role in mammary gland physiology and hormone-driven epithelial proliferation during pregnancy. Of note, several data suggest that progesterone induces mammary RANKL expression in mice and humans.

Mineralocorticoid Receptor and Aldosterone-Related Biomarkers of End-Organ Damage in Cardiometabolic Disease.

The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was first identified as a blood pressure regulator, modulating renal sodium handling in response to its principal ligand aldosterone. The mineralocorticoid receptor is also expressed in many tissues other than the kidney, such as adipose tissue, heart and vasculature. Recent studies have shown that MR plays a relevant role in the control of cardiovascular and metabolic function, as well as in adipogenesis.