White matter hyperintensities and their role in major depressive episodes: a cross-sectional study in adults under 65.

Objective: White matter hyperintensities (WMH) are associated with Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) in individuals aged 65 and over. WMH are prevalent in adults under 65, yet the association between their volume and MDE in this population remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between WMH volume and MDE and its severity in patients < 65.

Evidence of high electron mobility in magnetic kagome topological metal FeSn thin films.

We present a systematic study of the low-energy electrodynamics of the magnetic FeSn kagome metal, which hosts both topological (Dirac) and non-trivial states. Our results reveal that the optical conductivity of FeSn shows two Drude contributions that can be associated with the linear (Dirac) and parabolic (massive) bands, with a dominance of the former to the DC conductivity at low temperatures. The weight of the Drude response shifts toward lower frequencies upon cooling due to a rapid increase in the Dirac electron mobility, which we associate with a temperature suppression of e-ph scattering.

Tuning the optical absorption and exciton bound states of germanene by chemical functionalization.

We present a comprehensive study of buckled honeycomb germanene functionalized with alternately bonded side groups hydroxyl (-H), methyl (-CH) and trifluoro methyl (-CF). By means of most modern theoretical and computational methods we determine the atomic geometries versus the functionalizing groups. The quasiparticle excitation effects on the electronic structure are taken into account by means of exchange-correlation treatment within the GW framework.

Thermodynamics and electronic structure of adsorbed and intercalated plumbene in graphene/hexagonal SiC heterostructures.

Graphene-covered hexagonal SiC substrates have been frequently discussed to be appropriate starting points for epitaxial overlayers of Xenes, such as plumbene, or even their deposition as intercalates between graphene and SiC. Here, we investigate, within density functional theory, the plumbene deposition for various layer orderings and substrate terminations. By means of total energy studies we demonstrate the favorization of the intercalation versus the epitaxy for both C-terminated and Si-terminated 4H-SiC substrates.

Tubular structures segmentation of pediatric abdominal-visceral ceCT images with renal tumors: Assessment, comparison and improvement.

Renal tubular structures, such as ureters, arteries and veins, are very important for building a complete digital 3D anatomical model of a patient. However, they can be challenging to segment from ceCT images due to their elongated shape, diameter variation and intra- and inter-patient contrast heterogeneity. This task is even more difficult in pediatric and pathological subjects, due to high inter-subject anatomical variations, potential presence of tumors, small volume of these structures compared to the surrounding, and small available labeled datasets.

Tuning Gaps and Schottky Contacts of Graphene/Phosphorene Heterostructures by Vertical Electric Field and Strain.

We present a comprehensive study of the structural and electronic properties of a graphene/phosphorene (G/P) heterostructure in the framework of density functional theory, including van der Waals interaction in the exchange-correlation functional. While the G(4 × 1)/P(3 × 1) superlattice usually used in the literature is subject to a strain as high as about 7%, the in-plane strain could be drastically reduced to under 1% in the G(4 × 13)/P(3 × 12) heterostructure investigated here. Adapting the lattice constants of the rectangular lattices, the equilibrium configuration in the plane of phosphorene relative to the graphene layer is optimized.

Seismic source identification of the 9 November 2022 M 5.5 offshore Adriatic sea (Italy) earthquake from GNSS data and aftershock relocation.

The fast individuation and modeling of faults responsible for large earthquakes are fundamental for understanding the evolution of potentially destructive seismic sequences. This is even more challenging in case of buried thrusts located in offshore areas, like those hosting the 9 November 2022 Ml 5.7 (M 5.

A Multicenter Network Analysis Examining the Psychological Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients with Eating Disorders versus Their Healthy Siblings.

(1) Background: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with eating disorders (EDs) has been recorded all over the world; the traumatic effects of COVID-19 have exacerbated specific and general psychopathologies in those with EDs. Comparing patients' and their healthy siblings' responses might help one evaluate whether there are significant differences between healthy individuals and those struggling with EDs in regard to posttraumatic psychological symptoms. (2) Methods: A sample of 141 ED patients and 99 healthy siblings were enrolled in this study in two different centers specializing in ED treatment.

A comprehensive suite of earthquake catalogues for the 2016-2017 Central Italy seismic sequence.

The protracted nature of the 2016-2017 central Italy seismic sequence, with multiple damaging earthquakes spaced over months, presented serious challenges for the duty seismologists and emergency managers as they assimilated the growing sequence to advise the local population. Uncertainty concerning where and when it was safe to occupy vulnerable structures highlighted the need for timely delivery of scientifically based understanding of the evolving hazard and risk. Seismic hazard assessment during complex sequences depends critically on up-to-date earthquake catalogues-i.

Large extensional earthquakes push-up terrific amount of fluids.

How large earthquakes are triggered is a key question in Earth science, and the role played by fluid pressure seems to be crucial. Nevertheless, evaluation of involved fluid volumes is seldom investigated, if not unaccounted for. Moreover, fluid flow along fault zones is a driving factor for seismicity migration, episodic heat and chemical transport.

How mantle heterogeneities drive continental subduction and magmatism in the Apennines.

Petrologic and geophysical observations floored the paradigm shift on the subduction of the continental lithosphere. In long-lived collisional boundaries like the Alpine Himalaya belt, portions of continental lithosphere are pushed down to great depths and then exhumed, as testified by outcrops of UHP materials. The Mediterranean region is a clear expression of this enigmatic process.

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical Neuroscience Studies.

We present Clinica (www.clinica.run), an open-source software platform designed to make clinical neuroscience studies easier and more reproducible.

Tuning the Doping of Epitaxial Graphene on a Conventional Semiconductor via Substrate Surface Reconstruction.

Combining scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate how to tune the doping of epitaxial graphene from to by exploiting the structural changes that occur spontaneously on the Ge surface upon thermal annealing. Furthermore, using first-principle calculations, we build a model that successfully reproduces the experimental observations. Since the ability to modify graphene electronic properties is of fundamental importance when it comes to applications, our results provide an important contribution toward the integration of graphene with conventional semiconductors.

Mantle upwelling beneath the Apennines identified by receiver function imaging.

Magmatism, uplift and extension diffusely take place along collisional belts. Even though links between mantle dynamics and shallow deformation are becoming more evident, there is still poor understanding of how deep and surface processes are connected. In this work, we present new observations on the structure of the uppermost mantle beneath the Apennines belt.

QFib: Fast and Efficient Brain Tractogram Compression.

Diffusion MRI fiber tracking datasets can contain millions of 3D streamlines, and their representation can weight tens of gigabytes of memory. These sets of streamlines are called tractograms and are often used for clinical operations or research. Their size makes them difficult to store, visualize, process or exchange over the network.

Automated neurosurgical stereotactic planning for intraoperative use: a comprehensive review of the literature and perspectives.

The creation of intracranial stereotactic trajectories, from entry point to target point, is still mostly done manually by the neurosurgeon. The development of automated stereotactic planning tools has been described in the literature. This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of stereotactic planning procedure automation and develop tools for patients undergoing neurosurgical stereotactic procedures.

Routine viral load monitoring and enhanced adherence counselling at a public ART centre in Mumbai, India.

Background: Routine viral-load (VL) measurements along with enhanced adherence counselling (EAC) are recommended to achieve virological suppression among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) on anti-retroviral therapy (ART). The Mumbai Districts AIDS Control Society along with Médecins Sans Frontières has provided routine VL measurements and EAC to PLHA on ART at King Edward Memorial (KEM) hospital, Mumbai since October-2016. This study aims to describe the initial VL results and impact of EAC on viral suppression and factors associated with initial viral non-suppression among patients with an initial detectable VL, in a cohort of patients tested between October-2016 and September-2018.

Dyke intrusion and stress-induced collapse of volcano flanks: The example of the 2018 event at Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy).

Magmatic intrusions, eruptions and flank collapses are frequent processes of volcano dynamics, inter-connected at different space and time scales. The December 2018 recrudescent episode at Mt. Etna is an exemplary case where a sudden intrusive event culminated with a short eruption, intense seismicity and a shallow large strike-slip earthquake at the edge of the eastern sliding flank.

MRI Atlas of IDH Wild-Type Supratentorial Glioblastoma: Probabilistic Maps of Phenotype, Management, and Outcomes.

Background Tumor location is a main prognostic parameter in patients with glioblastoma. Probabilistic MRI-based brain atlases specifying the probability of tumor location associated with important demographic, clinical, histomolecular, and management data are lacking for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type glioblastomas. Purpose To correlate glioblastoma location with clinical phenotype, surgical management, and outcomes by using a probabilistic analysis in a three-dimensional (3D) MRI-based atlas.

Comprehensive Review of 3D Segmentation Software Tools for MRI Usable for Pelvic Surgery Planning.

Patient-specific 3D modeling is the first step towards image-guided surgery, the actual revolution in surgical care. Pediatric and adolescent patients with rare tumors and malformations should highly benefit from these latest technological innovations, allowing personalized tailored surgery. This study focused on the pelvic region, located at the crossroads of the urinary, digestive, and genital channels with important vascular and nervous structures.

Optical Conductivity of Two-Dimensional Silicon: Evidence of Dirac Electrodynamics.

The exotic electrodynamics properties of graphene come from the linearly dispersive electronic bands that host massless Dirac electrons. A similar behavior was predicted to manifest in freestanding silicene, the silicon counterpart of graphene, thereby envisaging a new route for silicon photonics. However, the access to silicene exploitation in photonics was hindered so far by the use of optically inappropriate substrates in experimentally realized silicene.

Double Diffeomorphism: Combining Morphometry and Structural Connectivity Analysis.

The brain is composed of several neural circuits which may be seen as anatomical complexes composed of grey matter structures interconnected by white matter tracts. Grey and white matter components may be modeled as 3-D surfaces and curves, respectively. Neurodevelopmental disorders involve morphological and organizational alterations which cannot be jointly captured by usual shape analysis techniques based on single diffeomorphisms.

A Bayesian framework for joint morphometry of surface and curve meshes in multi-object complexes.

We present a Bayesian framework for atlas construction of multi-object shape complexes comprised of both surface and curve meshes. It is general and can be applied to any parametric deformation framework and to all shape models with which it is possible to define probability density functions (PDF). Here, both curve and surface meshes are modelled as Gaussian random varifolds, using a finite-dimensional approximation space on which PDFs can be defined.

Parsimonious Approximation of Streamline Trajectories in White Matter Fiber Bundles.

Fiber bundles stemming from tractography algorithms contain many streamlines. They require therefore a great amount of computer memory and computational resources to be stored, visualised and processed. We propose an approximation scheme for fiber bundles which results in a parsimonious representation of weighted prototypes.