Biomarkers.

Background: Wearable sensor technology shows promise for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) identification/monitoring in persons living with dementia (PLWD). Accelerometry measures acceleration of body segments and physical activity. This study explores the diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) of accelerometry to identify the following 6 NPS associated with motor activity: aberrant motor behavior (AMB), aggression, agitation, anxiety, apathy, and wandering.

Psychosocial Correlates of Death Anxiety in Advanced Cancer: A Scoping Review.

Objectives: Individuals living with advanced cancer commonly experience death anxiety, which refers to the distressing thoughts or feelings associated with awareness of one's mortality. Deriving an overview of existing literature on the psychological and social factors linked to death anxiety may inform conceptual models, clinical screening, and intervention strategies in oncology and palliative care. Therefore, the present scoping review was conducted to summarize the current literature on the psychosocial correlates of death anxiety among individuals with advanced cancer.

Outcomes of guidelines from health technology assessment organizations in community-based primary care: a systematic mixed studies review.

Background: Health technology assessment (HTA) organizations generate guidelines to inform healthcare practices toward improved health outcomes. This review sought to identify and classify outcomes of guidelines from HTA organizations within published research.

Methodology: We performed a systematic mixed studies review of empirical studies that (a) referred to a published guideline from an HTA organization and (b) reported an outcome resulting from a guideline.

Moving towards the use of artificial intelligence in pain management.

Background And Objective: While the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine has been significant, their application to acute and chronic pain management has not been well characterized. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of AI in acute and chronic pain management.

Databases And Data Treatment: This review was registered with PROSPERO (ID# CRD42022307017), the international registry for systematic reviews.

Cost and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies for support of tuberculosis treatment adherence: a systematic review.

Background: Digital adherence technologies (DATs) may provide a patient-centred approach to supporting tuberculosis (TB) medication adherence and improving treatment outcomes. We synthesised evidence addressing costs and cost-effectiveness of DATs to support TB treatment.

Methods: A systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42022313531) identified relevant literature from January 2000 to April 2023 in MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science along with preprints from medRxiv, Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1614-1696.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , in leaves of , among deep leaf litter, from uredinium of on , on well-rotted twigs and litter in mixed wet sclerophyll and subtropical rainforest. , on twigs of , on bark, in savannas with shrubs and trees. , on leaves of , (incl.

Curriculum Frameworks and Educational Programs in AI for Medical Students, Residents, and Practicing Physicians: Scoping Review.

Background: The successful integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into clinical practice is contingent upon physicians' comprehension of AI principles and its applications. Therefore, it is essential for medical education curricula to incorporate AI topics and concepts, providing future physicians with the foundational knowledge and skills needed. However, there is a knowledge gap in the current understanding and availability of structured AI curriculum frameworks tailored for medical education, which serve as vital guides for instructing and facilitating the learning process.

The performance of digital technologies for measuring tuberculosis medication adherence: a systematic review.

Introduction: Digital adherence technologies (DATs), such as phone-based technologies and digital pillboxes, can provide more person-centric approaches to support tuberculosis (TB) treatment. However, there are varying estimates of their performance for measuring medication adherence.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review (PROSPERO-CRD42022313526), which identified relevant published literature and preprints from January 2000 to April 2023 in five databases.

Antibiotic dispensing practices among informal healthcare providers in low-income and middle-income countries: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: The rise of antimicrobial resistance represents a critical threat to global health, exacerbated by the excessive and inappropriate dispensing and use of antimicrobial drugs, notably antibiotics, which specifically target bacterial infections. The surge in antibiotic consumption globally is particularly concerning in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where informal healthcare providers (IPs) play a vital role in the healthcare landscape. Often the initial point of contact for healthcare-seeking individuals, IPs play a crucial role in delivering primary care services in these regions.

Socially Assistive Robots for patients with Alzheimer's Disease: A scoping review.

Background: The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), is challenging for both those affected as well as for their care providers, and caregivers. Socially assistive robots (SARs) offer promising supportive care to assist in the complex management associated with AD.

Objectives: To conduct a scoping review of published articles that proposed, discussed, developed or tested SAR for interacting with AD patients.

Clinical Outcomes of Rapid Respiratory Virus Testing in Emergency Departments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Rapid tests for respiratory viruses, including multiplex panels, are increasingly available in emergency departments (EDs). Their association with patient outcomes remains unclear.

Objective: To determine if ED rapid respiratory virus testing in patients with suspected acute respiratory infection (ARI) was associated with decreased antibiotic use, ancillary tests, ED length of stay, and ED return visits and hospitalization and increased influenza antiviral treatment.

Efficacy of interventions targeted at physician prescribers of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of systematic reviews.

Background: To combat the opioid crisis, interventions targeting the opioid prescribing behaviour of physicians involved in the management of patients with chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) have been introduced in clinical settings. An integrative synthesis of systematic review evidence is required to better understand the effects of these interventions. Our objective was to synthesize the systematic review evidence on the effect of interventions targeting the behaviours of physician opioid prescribers for CNCP among adults on patient and population health and prescriber behaviour.

Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Dementia Using Motion Data: A Scoping Review.

Background: Dementia is a neurodegenerative disease resulting in the loss of cognitive and psychological functions. Artificial intelligence (AI) may help in detection and screening of dementia; however, little is known in this area.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to identify and evaluate AI interventions for detection of dementia using motion data.

Interventions for Preventing E-Cigarette Use Among Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Many nonregulatory interventions targeting children and youth have been implemented at three levels: directed at the individual (e.g., interactive video games), delivered to students at school (e.

Use of artificial intelligence in paediatric anaesthesia: a systematic review.

Objectives: Although the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine has been significant, their application to paediatric anaesthesia is not well characterised. As the paediatric operating room is a data-rich environment that requires critical clinical decision-making, this systematic review aims to characterise the current use of AI in paediatric anaesthesia and to identify barriers to the successful integration of such technologies.

Methods: This review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022304610), the international registry for systematic reviews.

Application of Artificial intelligence in COVID-19-related geriatric care: A scoping review.

Background: Older adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This scoping review aimed to summarize the current evidence of artificial intelligence (AI) use in the screening/monitoring, diagnosis, and/or treatment of COVID-19 among older adults.

Method: The review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute and Arksey and O'Malley frameworks.

Curriculum frameworks and educational programs in artificial intelligence for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The aim of this scoping review is to synthesize knowledge from the literature on curriculum frameworks and current educational programs that focus on the teaching and learning of artificial intelligence (AI) for medical students, residents, and practicing physicians.

Introduction: To advance the implementation of AI in clinical practice, physicians need to have a better understanding of AI and how to use it within clinical practice. Consequently, medical education must introduce AI topics and concepts into the curriculum.

Sex-disaggregated effectiveness data reporting in COVID-19 vaccine research: a systematic review.

Background: Sex and gender are believed to influence vaccine response. Yet, the relationship between sex and gender and COVID-19 vaccine efficacy is poorly understood and remains under-investigated.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine whether and to what extent post-approval COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies report sex-disaggregated VE data.

Millisecond cryo-trapping by the spitrobot crystal plunger simplifies time-resolved crystallography.

We introduce the spitrobot, a protein crystal plunger, enabling reaction quenching via cryo-trapping with a time-resolution in the millisecond range. Protein crystals are mounted on canonical micromeshes on an electropneumatic piston, where the crystals are kept in a humidity and temperature-controlled environment, then reactions are initiated via the liquid application method (LAMA) and plunging into liquid nitrogen is initiated after an electronically set delay time to cryo-trap intermediate states. High-magnification images are automatically recorded before and after droplet deposition, prior to plunging.

Roadside screening tests for cannabis use: A systematic review.

As more countries legalize recreational cannabis, roadside screening programs are imperative to detect and deter driving under the influence of cannabis. This systematic review evaluated roadside screening tests for cannabis use. We searched six databases (inception-March 2020) and grey literature sources for primary studies evaluating test characteristics of roadside screening tests for cannabis use compared to laboratory tests for cannabinoids in blood or oral fluid.

Most common reasons for primary care visits in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.

With the Covid-19 pandemic and the introduction of the WHO's Essential Diagnostics List (EDL), increasing global attention is focused on the crucial role of diagnostics in achieving universal health coverage. To create national EDLs and to aid health system planning, it is vital to understand the most common conditions with which people present at primary care health facilities. We undertook a systematic review of the most common reasons for primary care visits in low- and middle-income countries.