Dietary Quality and Nutrient Intakes of Elite Paracyclists.

Nutrient requirements for para-athletes will be influenced by a variety of factors secondary to their impairment and, therefore, recommendations for para-athletes cannot be drawn directly from that of able-bodied athletes. Information on the dietary intakes of para-athletes is lacking and therefore needs to be examined. This study assessed the nutrient intakes and diet quality of 31 paracyclists via food frequency questionnaires.

Nutrition Knowledge and Dietary Adequacy in Powerlifters.

Leonhardt, TPM, Chilibeck, PD, Ko, J, and Zello, GA. Nutrition knowledge and dietary adequacy in powerlifters. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1924-1932, 2024-Athletes competing in weight categories (e.

Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference Correlates With Lifestyle and Health in Long-Haul Truck Drivers.

Introduction: This study examined and compared the association between body mass index (BMI) and BMI with waist circumference (WC) on lifestyle measure and health outcomes in Canadian long-haul truck drivers (LHTDs).

Methods: Two hundred LHTDs completed a survey on diet and physical activity, and participated in objective measures of height, weight, WC, and blood pressure.

Results: More than half of the sample was classified as obese (57%).

Low phytic acid pea supplementation as an approach to combating iron deficiency in female runners: A randomized control trial.

Iron deficiency (ID) is the most prevalent micronutrient deficiency in the world and the leading cause of anemia globally. Female athletes are at a disproportionate risk for ID due to blood loss through menstruation and decreased iron absorption secondary to exercise. Field peas are a rich source of iron but, similar to iron from other plant-based sources, the iron has limited bioavailability due to high levels of phytic acid, an inherent compound that binds to cations, creating a salt (phytate), which limits absorption during digestion.

A 2-yr Randomized Controlled Trial on Creatine Supplementation during Exercise for Postmenopausal Bone Health.

Purpose: Our purpose was to examine the effects of 2 yr of creatine monohydrate supplementation and exercise on bone health in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Two hundred and thirty-seven postmenopausal women (mean age, 59 yr) were randomized to receive creatine (0.14 g·kg -1 ·d -1 ) or placebo during a resistance training (3 d·wk -1 ) and walking (6 d·wk -1 ) program for 2 yr.

Benefits of a plant-based diet and considerations for the athlete.

Individuals may opt to follow a plant-based diet for a variety of reasons, such as religious practices, health benefits or concerns for animal or environmental welfare. Such diets offer a broad spectrum of health benefits including aiding in the prevention and management of chronic diseases. In addition to health benefits, a plant-based diet may provide performance-enhancing effects for various types of exercise due to high carbohydrate levels and the high concentration of antioxidants and phytochemicals found in a plant-based diet.

Wearing a Surgical Face Mask Has Minimal Effect on Performance and Physiological Measures during High-Intensity Exercise in Youth Ice-Hockey Players: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial.

COVID-19 transmission is prevalent during ice-hockey; however, it is unknown whether wearing face masks as a mitigation strategy affects hockey players' performance. We used a randomized cross-over study to compare wearing a surgical mask to a sham mask (control) in youth hockey players (21 males, 5 females, 11.7 ± 1.

Morphometric, metabolic, and inflammatory markers across a cohort of client-owned horses and ponies on the insulin dysregulation spectrum.

In human metabolic syndrome and type II diabetes, methylglyoxal (MG), D-lactate, and several cytokines have been recognized as biomarkers of important metabolic and inflammatory processes. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) shares many similarities with these human counterparts. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to compare body condition score (BCS), cresty neck score (CNS), resting insulin, MG, D-lactate, L-lactate, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) between horses with and without insulin dysregulation, as classified via combined glucose and insulin test (CGIT).

Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review.

The use of dietary supplements is high among athletes and non-athletes alike, as well as able-bodied individuals and those with impairments. However, evidence is lacking in the use of dietary supplements for sport performance in a para-athlete population (e.g.

The impact of face masks on performance and physiological outcomes during exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Face masks are promoted for preventing spread of viruses; however, wearing a mask during exercise might increase CO rebreathing, decrease arterial oxygenation, and decrease exercise performance. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted on the impact of wearing a mask during exercise. Data sources included SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Medline.

Determination of an Acceptable Portion Size of for a Bangladeshi Community-Based Iron Intervention in Adolescent Girls: A Feasibility Study.

Widely consumed (lentils) in Bangladesh are an ideal vehicle for iron (Fe) fortification; however, an acceptable portion size in meals needs to be determined to carry out a community feeding study in at-risk adolescent girls. A non-randomized crossover trial was conducted with = 100 Bangladeshi girls (12.9 ± 2.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the diet, training habits and fitness of Masters cyclists.

The number of Masters-level athletes (≥ 35 years of age) taking part in cycling has increased in the past years which may have beneficial effects on their health. The restrictions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to negatively impact the diet, training and fitness of these individuals due to restrictions in place to slow the spread of the virus. To investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the diet, training and fitness of Masters-level cyclists.

Long-Haul Truck Driver Training Does Not Meet Driver Needs in Canada.

Introduction: Training standards for long-haul truck drivers (LHTD) are rapidly evolving in Canada, yet the opinions of the drivers themselves have not been adequately considered. The purpose was to survey LHTD on their work training history and to examine LHTD perceptions of driver training and licensing protocols.

Methods: LHTD were recruited across two Western Canadian provinces from seven different truck stops.

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on diet, fitness, and sedentary behaviour of elite para-athletes.

Background: With the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic the 2020 Paralympic Games were postponed, impacting the athletes' competition schedule for the year. Due to the interrupted competition schedule and potentially decreased motivation, Paralympic athletes may be at risk for a highly disrupted training schedule, impacting their ability to prepare for the 2021 Games.

Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the training, diet, and fitness of Paralympic cyclists and triathletes.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on university students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour.

University students are a vulnerable group for poor dietary intake, insufficient physical activity and sedentary behaviour. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on university students' dietary intake, physical activity, and sedentary behaviour. Participants were students ( = 125) from the Universities of Saskatchewan and Regina.

Wearing of Cloth or Disposable Surgical Face Masks has no Effect on Vigorous Exercise Performance in Healthy Individuals.

Wearing face masks is recommended for the prevention of contracting or exposing others to cardiorespiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Controversy exists on whether wearing face masks during vigorous exercise affects performance. We used a randomized, counterbalanced cross-over design to evaluate the effects of wearing a surgical mask, a cloth mask, or no mask in 14 participants (7 men and 7 women; 28.

Skim milk as a recovery beverage after exercise is superior to a sports drink for reducing next-day postprandial blood glucose and increasing postprandial fat oxidation.

We determined the effect of consuming low-glycemic index (LGI) skim milk compared to a high-glycemic index (HGI) sports drink following evening exercise on fat oxidation and blood lipids after a subsequent high-energy breakfast. We hypothesized that postexercise skim milk consumption, compared to sports drink, would increase fat oxidation and lower harmful blood lipid and glucose concentrations after a next-day high-energy breakfast. In this randomized counterbalanced crossover trial, 20 overweight-obese participants (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m) underwent 4 conditions: 90-minute exercise (50% Vo) followed by sports drink (EX-HGI), exercise followed by isoenergetic skim milk (EX-LGI), exercise followed by water (Exercise), and a control condition (Control).

Effects of Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load on Cardiometabolic and Reproductive Profiles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exhibit cardiometabolic (e.g., insulin resistance) and associated reproductive disruptions.

A Low-Glycemic Index, High-Fiber, Pulse-Based Diet Improves Lipid Profile, but Does Not Affect Performance in Soccer Players.

Pulses (i.e., lentils, chickpeas, beans, peas) are low-glycemic index, high-fiber foods that are beneficial for improving blood lipids.

The Effects of Low- and High-Glycemic Index Sport Nutrition Bars on Metabolism and Performance in Recreational Soccer Players.

Consumption of low-glycemic index (GI) carbohydrates (CHO) may be superior to high-GI CHO before exercise by increasing fat oxidation and decreasing carbohydrate oxidation. We compared the effects of pre-exercise feeding of a low-GI lentil-based sports nutrition bar with a high-GI bar on metabolism and performance during a simulated soccer match. Using a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design, participants ( = 8) consumed 1.

A randomized controlled trial of a lifestyle intervention with longitudinal follow-up on ovarian dysmorphology in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Objective: Effects of lifestyle modification on reproductive function in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remain poorly elucidated. We compared the effects of a pulse-based diet (lentils, beans, split peas and chickpeas) with Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet on ultrasonographic markers of ovarian morphology, hyperandrogenism and menstrual irregularity in PCOS.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Effect of a pulse-based diet and aerobic exercise on bone measures and body composition in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, with clinical symptoms including menstrual dysfunction and hyperandrogenemia, as well as insulin resistance which is thought to be a key contributing factor to symptoms. Insulin is also thought to positively affect bone while oligo- and amenorrhea are known to negatively affect bone. Lifestyle modification is the first recommendation to treat symptoms of PCOS; however, little is known about the effect of lifestyle interventions on bone measures in this population.

A pulse-based diet and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes diet in combination with health counseling and exercise improve health-related quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.

A favorable dietary composition to increase health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in PCOS remains unclear. We compared changes in HRQoL of women with PCOS who participated in a low-glycemic-index pulse-based (lentils, beans, split peas, and chickpeas) or the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet intervention. Thirty women in the pulse-based and 31 in the TLC groups (18-35 years) completed a 16-week intervention without energy-restriction.

The Effect of a Low Glycemic Index Pulse-Based Diet on Insulin Sensitivity, Insulin Resistance, Bone Resorption and Cardiovascular Risk Factors during Bed Rest.

We determined the effects of a low glycemic-index pulse-based diet (i.e., containing lentils, chick peas, beans, and split peas) compared to a typical hospital diet on insulin sensitivity assessed by the Matsuda index from the insulin and glucose response to a two-hour oral glucose tolerance test, insulin resistance assessed by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), bone resorption assessed by 24 h excretion of urinary n-telopeptides(Ntx) and cardiovascular risk factors (blood lipids, blood pressure, arterial stiffness and heart rate variability) during bed rest.

From Table to Stable: A Comparative Review of Selected Aspects of Human and Equine Metabolic Syndrome.

Obesity data in people and companion animals are depicting a future of increasing morbidity, cost for society, and significant health and welfare concerns. Between 25 and 50% of cats, dogs, and horses in developed countries are overweight or obese, which mirrors the situation in humans. Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) was named after human metabolic syndrome (MetS), which has about 30 years of lead in research efforts.