Equity of PrEP uptake by race, ethnicity, sex and region in the United States in the first decade of PrEP: a population-based analysis.

Background: PrEP was approved for HIV prevention in the US in 2012; uptake has been slow. We describe relative equity with the PrEP Equity Ratio (PER), a ratio of PrEP-to-Need Ratios (PnRs).

Methods: We used commercial pharmacy data to enumerate PrEP users by race and ethnicity, sex, and US Census region from 2012 to 2021.

Considerations for Social Needs Screening in a Local Public Health Agency.

Context: The social determinants of health impact the health outcomes of local public health agency clients. This report shows how the Florida Department of Health in Hillsborough County (DOH) sought to address this for its clients.

Program: This midstream intervention identified individual DOH client needs and navigated clients to community resources to address these social needs.

Injuries and illnesses among human remains detection-certified search-and-recovery dogs deployed to northern California in response to the Camp Fire wildfire of November 2018.

Objective: To document injuries and illnesses incurred by search-and-recovery (S&R) dogs deployed to northern California in response to the Camp Fire wildfire of November 2018 and identify fire scene-specific hazards.

Animals: 30 human remains detection-certified S&R dogs deployed to the Camp Fire scene.

Procedures: Handlers of the S&R dogs completed a survey after deployment.

The contribution of rescue dogs during natural disasters.

As a species, dogs are particularly suited to working with as well as working for humankind on a variety of tasks, including searching for victims of natural disasters. Their abilities are deeply seated within their genetic make-up and their domestication over thousands of years. Dogs display not only a natural ability to find people, but also to aid and protect them.

Injuries and illnesses among Federal Emergency Management Agency-certified search-and-recovery and search-and-rescue dogs deployed to Oso, Washington, following the March 22, 2014, State Route 530 landslide.

Objective: To establish types and rates of injuries and illnesses among search-and-recovery and search-and-rescue dogs deployed to Oso, Wash, following the March 22, 2014, State Route 530 landslide.

Design: Medical records review and cross-sectional survey.

Animals: 25 Federal Emergency Management Agency-certified search dogs.

Characterising 'near miss' events in complex laparoscopic surgery through video analysis.

Background: Root cause analyses of surgical complications are of high importance to ensure surgical quality, but specific details on technical causes often remain unclear. Identifying subclinical intraoperative incidents attributable to technical errors is essential for developing rescue mechanisms to prevent adverse outcomes.

Objective: Descriptive study to characterise intraoperative technical error-event patterns in successful laparoscopic procedures.

Comprehensive Surgical Coaching Enhances Surgical Skill in the Operating Room: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine whether individualized coaching improved surgical technical skill in the operating room to a higher degree than current residency training.

Background: Clinical training in the operating room is a valuable opportunity for surgeons to acquire skill and knowledge; however, it often remains underutilized. Coaching has been successfully used in various industries to enhance performance, but its role in surgery has been insufficiently investigated.

Inhabiting the sexual landscape: toward an interpretive theory of the development of sexual orientation and identity.

Building on Paula Rust's (1996) concept of a sexual landscape, we propose an interpretive theory of the development of both sexual orientation and sexual identity. We seek to reconcile human agency with active and shifting influences in social context and to recognize the inherent complexity of environmental factors while acknowledging the role that biological potential plays. We ground our model in the insights of three compatible and related theoretical perspectives: social constructionism, symbolic interactionism, and scripting theory.

Establishing the infrastructure to comprehensively address cancer disparities: a model for transdisciplinary approaches.

The Center for Equal Health (CEH), a transdisciplinary Center of Excellence, was established to investigate cancer disparities comprehensively and achieve health equity through research, education, training, and community outreach. This paper discusses challenges faced by CEH, strategies employed to foster collaborations, lessons learned, and future considerations for establishing similar initiatives.

Injuries and illnesses among urban search-and-rescue dogs deployed to Haiti following the January 12, 2010, earthquake.

Objective: To establish types and rates of injuries and illnesses among urban search-and-rescue (USAR) dogs deployed to Haiti following the January 12, 2010, earthquake.

Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Animals: 23 Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) USAR dogs deployed to Haiti.

Hydrophobic oxime ethers: a versatile class of pDNA and siRNA transfection lipids.

The manipulation of the cationic lipid structures to increase polynucleotide binding and delivery properties, while also minimizing associated cytotoxicity, has been a principal strategy for developing next-generation transfection agents. The polar (DNA binding) and hydrophobic domains of transfection lipids have been extensively studied; however, the linking domain comprising the substructure used to tether the polar and hydrophobic domains has attracted considerably less attention as an optimization variable. Here, we examine the use of an oxime ether as the linking domain.

Click assembly of magnetic nanovectors for gene delivery.

Functionalization of iron oxide nanoparticles with quaternary ammonium ion-based aminooxy and oxime ether substrates provides a flexible route for generating magnetic gene delivery vectors. Using the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, our findings show that pDNA magnetoplexes derived from the lipid-coated nanoparticle formulation dMLP transfect in the presence of 10% serum with or without magnetic assistance at significantly higher levels than a commonly used cationic liposome formulation, based on luciferase assay. The present ion-pairing, click chemistry approach furnishes Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles with lipid layers.

Evaluation of a community health promotion resource for primary care practices.

Background: Primary care physicians' ability to provide effective health behavior change advice might be leveraged by linking to available community resources. This study evaluates tools to facilitate such a link.

Design: A mixed methods longitudinal pre-post-test study was conducted in 2004.

Effects of endotoxin administration and cerebral hypoxia-ischemia on complement activity and local transcriptional regulation in neonatal rats.

It is not known whether up-regulation of complement components, either circulating or locally synthesized, contributes to an increased susceptibility to neonatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) cerebral injury. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that in neonatal rats subjected to a unilateral HI cerebral insult, prior administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) augments (1) complement-mediated serum hemolytic activity, and (2) C3 mRNA and C9 mRNA levels in hepatic and cerebral tissue.

The administration of cobra venom factor reduces post-ischemic cerebral injury in adult and neonatal rats.

The role of complement in post-ischemic cerebral injury is incompletely understood. Therefore, experiments were designed to test the effect of complement depletion on cerebral infarct volume in adult rats and cerebral atrophy in neonatal rats. Cerebral infarcts were induced in adult rats by transient filamentous occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO).

Complement component 9 activation, consumption, and neuronal deposition in the post-hypoxic-ischemic central nervous system of human newborn infants.

The role of complement in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is not known. Therefore, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and post-mortem cerebral tissue were analyzed to determine whether complement is activated and complement component 9 (C9) is deposited on neurons in the central nervous systems (CNS) of newborn infants who developed moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Control CSF samples were obtained during routine evaluation for possible sepsis from infants who were not depressed at birth.

beta-[H2N(CH2)2NH2]0.5[ZnHPO3], a second modification of ethylenediamine zinc hydrogen phosphite.

The title compound, poly[dizinc(II)-mu-ethylenediamine-di-mu-(hydrogen phosphito)], beta-[H(2)N(CH(2))(2)NH(2)](0.5)[ZnHPO(3)] or [Zn(2)(HPO(3))(2)(C(2)H(8)N(2))](n), is a hybrid organic/inorganic solid built up from ethylenediamine molecules (which lie about inversion centres), Zn(2+) cations (coordinated by three O atoms and one N atom) and HPO(3)(2-) hydrogen phosphite groups. The organic species bond to the Zn atom as unprotonated ligands, acting as bridges between infinite ZnHPO(3) layers that propagate as very buckled (001) sheets.

Amino acid templating of inorganic networks: synthesis and structure of L-asparagine zinc phosphite, C4N2O3H8.ZnHPO3.

C(4)N(2)O(3)H(8).ZnHPO(3) is the first zincophosphite framework to be templated by an amino acid (l-asparagine), which bonds to Zn via a carboxyl O atom. It contains infinite, homochiral, helical 4-ring chains of ZnO(4) and HPO(3) groups, stabilized by intra- and interchain N-H.

Heparin binding protein (CAP37) differentially modulates endotoxin-induced cytokine production.

Background And Objective: CAP37, also known as heparin-binding protein (HBP), is neutrophil-derived protein with multifunctional properties that include monocyte chemotaxis and the enhancement of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), IL-1, IL-6, and PGE2production from isolated monocytes, which suggest a generalized effect on LPS-induced monocyte activation. In this study, we tested whether HBP amplifies the release of other LPS-responsive cytokines from isolated human monocytes.

Methods: Freshly isolated monocytes from 5 healthy donors were stimulated for 24 h with saline, LPS (10 ng/ml), HBP (10 microg/ml), or a combination of LPS + HBP.

Free hemoglobin enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in isolated human monocytes.

Background: A systemic inflammatory response (SIR) is seen in approximately 75% of patients with complex blunt liver injuries treated nonoperatively. Many feel this response is caused by blood, bile, and necrotic tissue accumulation in the peritoneal cavity. Our current treatment for these patients is a delayed laparoscopic washout of the peritoneal cavity, resulting in a dramatic resolution of the SIR.

Early decrease in surface expression of HLA-DQ predicts the development of infection in trauma patients.

The behaviour of human leucocyte antigen-DR (HLA-DR) following injury has been extensively studied. However, the behaviour of other class II antigens following trauma has not been characterized as well, despite evidence that HLA-DQ genotype influences the response to several bacterial antigens. Our study attempts to characterize and analyse the behaviour of HLA-DQ after trauma in patients with and without infection.