Systematic Review of Surgical and Nonsurgical Interventions in Normal Men Complaining of Small Penis Size.

Introduction: Evidence on penile enhancement interventions is lacking. Nonetheless, many non-evidence-based solutions are readily available.

Aim: To investigate enhancement and nonenhancement interventions in men without penile abnormalities seeking to increase penis size.

The Risks of Theft and Copyright Breach from Camera Use During Scientific Presentations: It's Time for a Debate.

Photographs are frequently taken during urological presentations and distributed on social media; they may represent a breach of copyright and, in instances of clinical photographs, a breach of data protection and human rights laws. Presenters and delegates attending conferences should be advised of the conference's copyright policies. Acceptable use of camera phones during scientific presentations should be debated by the scientific community.

The effectiveness of Google GLASS as a vital signs monitor in surgery: A simulation study.

Introduction: To assess the effectiveness of the Google GLASS as a vital signs monitor in a surgical setting and identify potential uses.

Methods: This prospective, observational and comparative study recruited novice (n = 24), intermediate (n = 8) and expert urologists (n = 5). All candidates performed a procedure on the GreenLight Simulator within a simulated setting using a standard vital signs monitor and then the Google GLASS.

Validation of the GreenLight™ Simulator and development of a training curriculum for photoselective vaporisation of the prostate.

Objectives: To assess face, content and construct validity, and feasibility and acceptability of the GreenLight™ Simulator as a training tool for photoselective vaporisation of the prostate (PVP), and to establish learning curves and develop an evidence-based training curriculum.

Subjects And Methods: This prospective, observational and comparative study, recruited novice (25 participants), intermediate (14) and expert-level urologists (seven) from the UK and Europe at the 28th European Association of Urological Surgeons Annual Meeting 2013. A group of novices (12 participants) performed 10 sessions of subtask training modules followed by a long operative case, whereas a second group (13) performed five sessions of a given case module.

Determination of optimal drug dose and light dose index to achieve minimally invasive focal ablation of localised prostate cancer using WST11-vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy.

Objective: To determine the optimal drug and light dose for prostate ablation using WST11 (TOOKAD Soluble) for vascular-targeted photodynamic (VTP) therapy in men with low-risk prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: In all, 42 men with low-risk prostate cancer were enrolled in the study but two who underwent anaesthesia for the procedure did not receive the drug or light dose. Thus, 40 men received a single dose of 2, 4 or 6 mg/kg WST11 activated by 200 J/cm light at 753 nm.

Bone scan is of doubtful value as a first staging test in the primary presentation of prostate cancer.

Purpose. To determine whether axial MR imaging could replace bone scan as the primary staging test in newly diagnosed CaP. Material and Methods.

Chronic urinary retention in men: how we define it, and how does it affect treatment outcome.

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Chronic urinary retention (CUR) is a poorly defined entity, as the key element of definition, significant postvoid residual urine volume (PVR), has not a worldwide and moreover evidenced-based definition. There is no agreement on which is the threshold value to define a significant PVR and different society produced guidelines with different thresholds ranging from 300 mL to 1000 mL. Diagnosis is difficult, and management has not been defined yet.

Penile frenuloplasty: a simple and effective treatment for frenular pain or scarring.

Unlabelled: Study Type - Therapy (case series) Level of Evidence 4. What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Frenuloplasty, using common plastic surgical techniques for scar lengthening, is a commonly performed operation amongst urologists for isolated frenular pathology. However, there is very little data in the urological literature regarding either technique or assessment.

180-W XPS GreenLight laser therapy for benign prostate hyperplasia: early safety, efficacy, and perioperative outcome after 201 procedures.

Background: Photoselective vaporisation of the prostate has evolved from the GreenLight 80-W KTP powered laser to the latest 180-W XPS laser involving a MoXy fibre.

Objective: Evaluate the prevalence of perioperative complications and short-term outcome for the first time with the XPS laser in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Prospective data were collected from consecutive patients at seven centres worldwide during June 2010 and March 2011.

GreenLight laser prostatectomy: a safe and effective treatment for bladder outlet obstruction by prostate cancer.

Objective: • To present our experience on photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in a cohort of men with bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) by prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: • From 2003 to 2008 we identified 43 patients with prostate cancer treated with PVP. • The patients' hospital records were comprehensively reviewed to obtain preoperative, intra-operative and postoperative data.

Clinical and ultrasound features of segmental testicular infarction: six-year experience from a single centre.

The purpose was to analyse the aetiology and ultrasound appearances of segmental testicular infarction. Patients with focal testicular lesions underwent colour Doppler high frequency ultrasound. Segmental testicular infarction was defined as any focal area of altered reflectivity, with or without focal enlargement with absent or diminished colour Doppler flow, proven on histology or on follow-up exclusion of lesion progression.

Photoselective vaporization of the prostate with the potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser in men with prostates of >100 mL.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) in men with prostates of >100 mL and causing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), using the high-power 80 W potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser (GreenLight PV, Laserscope, San Jose, CA, USA), which offers rapid tissue ablation with minimal bleeding.

Patients And Methods: We assessed 54 consecutive patients with prostates of >100 mL (mean 135, SD 42, range 100-300) who had PVP between May 2003 and August 2005. Evaluations before PVP included urine flowmetry, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), a quality-of life (QoL) score, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS).

Ras-MEK-ERK signaling cascade regulates androgen receptor element-inducible gene transcription and DNA synthesis in prostate cancer cells.

Treatment of prostate cancer (CaP) patients frequently involves androgen ablation, but resistance often develops and androgen-insensitive tumors emerge. The molecular basis for the development of refractory CaP that grows in an androgen-independent manner is poorly understood, but alterations in growth factor signaling pathways are likely to be involved. We examined the growth factor modulation of androgen-receptor element (ARE)-inducible luciferase reporter gene activity and consequent DNA synthesis as a measure of proliferative growth in androgen-dependent LNCaP or androgen-independent PC3 or DU145 CaP cells.

Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with saline-irrigated KTP laser in a porcine model.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using the potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser to perform laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in a porcine model, with saline irrigation to reduce intraoperative smoke formation.

Materials And Methods: A high-power (80 W) KTP laser was used without hilar occlusion in 14 laparoscopic partial nephrectomies in four pigs. During laser discharge, the cutting plane was irrigated continuously with saline.

Basic laparoscopic surgical training: examination of a low-cost alternative.

Objective: "Dry lab" facilities are integral to laparoscopy training, but access is often limited due to the high costs of video-laparoscopy equipment. We assessed the effectiveness of a cheap and simple training model compared to conventional video-laparoscopy for basic training using a randomised, blinded study.

Methods: Thirty-six third-year medical students without previous surgical skills were randomised into two groups: group A students were taught basic laparoscopy skills using a conventional video-laparoscopy pelvic trainer and group B students were taught similar techniques using a cardboard box with a cut-out top to allow light and visualisation.

Positional anatomy of vessels that may be damaged at laparoscopy: new access criteria based on CT and ultrasonography to avoid vascular injury.

Background And Purpose: To study the relations of major blood vessels (aortoiliac bifurcation and iliocaval confluence) and the inferior epigastric arteries to the umbilicus and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) planes and to apply this information to define ideal, anatomically based locations for primary and secondary laparoscopic port insertions to minimize vascular injuries.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred randomly selected postcontrast CT images of the abdomen and pelvis were assessed by two radiologists. The position of the umbilicus (mobile point), ASIS (fixed point), and relations with the great vessels were measured.

Testicular calcification and microlithiasis: association with primary intra-testicular malignancy in 3,477 patients.

The prevalence of all forms of scrotal and testicular calcification and their association with testicular tumour in a symptomatic paediatric and adult population was investigated. A retrospective study of all testicular ultrasound examinations performed at a single centre over a 5-year period was undertaken. All studies were performed by experienced operators, recorded in a standard method, using high-frequency linear array transducers (> or =10 MHz).

Selenium- or quercetin-induced retardation of DNA synthesis in primary prostate cells occurs in the presence of a concomitant reduction in androgen-receptor activity.

Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most common male malignancy in the Western world. Selenium or quercetin may down-regulate prostate-cell proliferation in immortalised cells (e.g.

High-power KTP laser prostatectomy: the new challenge to transurethral resection of the prostate.

Purpose Of Review: The quest for a successful surgical modality that can be used in the day-case setting, with minimal risk of complications and without the need for postoperative catheter drainage, may finally be fulfilled in the form of the new-generation, high-power potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) lasers. In this review we will trace the development of KTP laser technology and its use by urologists over the years and describe why its physical properties make it so different from the lasers of the past.

Recent Findings: The most high powered (80 W) incarnation has a relatively short history, particularly in terms of peer-reviewed publications.

Reduction of TSG101 protein has a negative impact on tumor cell growth.

TSG101 was defined originally as a tumor-suppressor gene, raising the expectation that absence of the encoded protein should lead to increased tumor cell growth and, perhaps, increased tumor cell aggressiveness. We have used the RNA interference (RNAi) technique to downregulate TSG101 in PC3 (prostate cancer) and MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cells. An approximately 85% selective downregulation at the protein level was achieved in both cell lines over a period of 12 days as detected by Western blotting.

Pathological findings of penile fractures and their surgical management.

Objective: In the present review we discuss the clinical presentation and the surgical approach, together with the intraoperative findings and postoperative complications which occurred in 7 patients presented for our observation with a penile injury and submitted to immediate surgical exploration.

Materials And Methods: Our series, despite the relatively small number of cases, provide a complete pattern of the different intraoperative findings that may be encountered when approaching a penile trauma. This includes extremely rare cases like a completely transected urethra, a fracture at the base of the penis and a rupture of the deep dorsal vein.

Ex vivo chemosensitivity to mitomycin C in bladder cancer and its relationship with P-glycoprotein and apoptotic factors.

Background: Intravesical treatment with mitomycin C (MMC) leads to a complete response rate of around 40% in superficial bladder cancer (TCC). In order to determine in advance which patients will fail to respond, we describe a study assessing the feasibility of applying the ATP assay to test the chemosensitivity of samples from patients with this disease.

Materials And Methods: TURBT or biopsy samples were received from 27 patients, 23 of which were suitable for the ATP assay (16 primary tumours and 7 recurrences).