The role of exclusive enteral nutrition in the pre-operative optimisation of adult patients with Crohn's disease. A systematic review.

Aim: To conduct a systematic review in order to bring together the current knowledge about the use of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in the pre-operative optimisation of adult patients with Crohn's disease undergoing intestinal resection.

Methods: We searched Pubmed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and the EU clinical trial register to identify experimental and observational studies on the effect of pre-operative EEN on nutritional and clinical outcomes of patients undergoing surgery.

Does exclusive enteral nutrition reduce the rate of stoma formation in patients requiring ileocolic resection for Crohn's disease? A single center experience.

Background And Aim: Nutrition has a role in achieving and maintaining remission in Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a strategy of steroid-avoidance and Exclusive Enteral Nutrition (EEN) for 6 weeks (with a minimum of 4 weeks) in adult patients presenting with acute small bowel Crohn's disease followed by an interval ileocolic resection 4-6 weeks later.

Methods: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data.

Neurogenic bowel dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis: prevalence, impact, and management strategies.

Bowel dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) is highly prevalent. Constipation and fecal incontinence can coexist and alternate, impacting on the patient's quality of life and social interactions, as well as burdening the caregivers. The cost for the health care providers is also significant, with increased number of hospital admissions, treatment-related costs, and hospital appointments.

Schwannoma presenting with anteromedial knee pain and bone defect.

Tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath including schwannomas are known for their rarity and can present with neurological deficit. We report an interesting case of schwannoma of the infrapatellar branch of saphenous nerve presenting with anteromedial knee pain and proximal tibial metaphyseal defect. A 26-year-old man presented with pain and swelling (for the past 2 months) in the anteromedial aspect of knee.

The incidence and outcome of incidental breast lesions detected by computed tomography.

Introduction: In the UK, the majority of breast cancers are diagnosed through symptomatic breast clinics and the breast screening programmes. With increased use of computed tomography (CT) to assess various pathologies, breast lesions are picked up incidentally. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence and outcomes of breast lesions detected incidentally on CT scans.

In vivo and in vitro studies of GAD-antibody positive subjects with Type 2 diabetes: A distinct sub-phenotype.

The purpose of this study was to determine if immune mechanisms in GAD positive patients' contribute to the pathogenesis of a specific sub-type of Type 2 diabetes. GAD positive (n=8) and GAD negative (n=8) subjects diagnosed with Type 2 diabetes were matched for age, gender, body mass index, duration of diabetes and glycaemic control. All subjects underwent an insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test to measure insulin sensitivity and insulin secretory function with minimal model analysis.

Arachidonic acid, palmitic acid and glucose are important for the modulation of clonal pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion, growth and functional integrity.

Insulin-resistant states such as obesity can result in an increase in the function and mass of pancreatic beta-cells, so that insulin secretion is up-regulated and Type II diabetes does not develop. However, expansion of beta-cell mass is not indefinite and may well decrease with time. Changes in circulating concentrations of nutritional factors, such as fatty acids and/or glucose, may lead to a reduction in beta-cell mass in vivo.