Pers Soc Psychol Bull
December 2024
Reputation is multidimensional, with some traits being more relevant than others in particular contexts. Can people selectively respond to reputational cues relevant to the task at hand? Across three studies, we examined how people weigh cues about helpfulness and competence when forming expectations about strangers' behavior. Using adapted investment games, we varied whether a stranger's helpfulness or competence predicted participants' future payoffs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Exposure to fungi, especially Aspergillus fumigatus, can elicit potent allergic inflammation that triggers and worsens asthmatic disease. Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate allergic inflammatory responses to allergic stimuli. However, it is unclear if Af spores during isotropic growth (early spore swelling) can activate DCs to initiate allergic responses or if germination is required.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate adherence to treatment guideline recommendations across the continuum of prostate cancer (PCa) care by US community urologists using several PCa-specific performance indicators (PIs). Additionally, to determine which practice-related factors, such as having a designated PCa patient champion, active patient management in a patient portal, and in-office dispensing of medications, were associated with improved PI performance.
Methods: Electronic medical record data were collected retrospectively from the PPS Analytics Patient Population Health Management Platform.
Mechanistic understanding of the impact of coinfections is a critical knowledge gap. A workshop on coinfections highlighted key aspects required to advance this field, including identifying the coinfection priorities, creating research platforms for this type of research, promoting cross-expertise collaborations, and securing funding to support cross-kingdom pathogen research.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGordon Brown, a recent addition to the hip and elbow panel of the BVA/Kennel Club Canine Health Schemes, reflects on his orthopaedic journey and shares his concerns and hopes for the future.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFungi play critical roles in the homeostasis of ecosystems globally and have emerged as significant causes of an expanding repertoire of devastating diseases in plants, animals, and humans. In this Commentary, we highlight the importance of fungal pathogens and argue for concerted research efforts to enhance understanding of fungal virulence, antifungal immunity, novel drug targets, antifungal resistance, and the mycobiota to improve human health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Approximately 25% to 50% of patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) within 2 years of radical prostatectomy. The Apa-RP study (NCT04523207) investigated whether adjuvant apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in high-risk patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy improved BCR-free survival.
Materials And Methods: Apa-RP was a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study conducted in community urology practices in the US.
Respiratory infections caused by the human fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus are a major cause of mortality for immunocompromised patients. Exposure to these pathogens occurs through inhalation, although the role of the respiratory epithelium in disease pathogenesis has not been fully defined. Employing a primary human airway epithelial model, we demonstrate that fungal melanins potently block the post-translational secretion of the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL8 independent of transcription or the requirement of melanin to be phagocytosed, leading to a significant reduction in neutrophil recruitment to the apical airway both in vitro and in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHost recognition of the pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), β-1,3-glucan, plays a major role in antifungal immunity. β-1,3-glucan is an essential component of the inner cell wall of the opportunistic pathogen . Most β-1,3-glucan is shielded by the outer cell wall layer of mannan fibrils, but some can become exposed at the cell surface.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Nadofaragene firadenovec-vncg is a nonreplicating adenoviral vector-based gene therapy for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive carcinoma in situ (CIS) with/without high-grade Ta/T1. We report outcomes following 5 years of planned follow-up.
Materials And Methods: This open-label phase 3 trial (NCT02773849) enrolled patients with BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer in 2 cohorts: CIS ± Ta/T1 (CIS; n = 107) and Ta/T1 without CIS (Ta/T1 cohort; n = 50).
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) expressed by myeloid cells constitute a versatile family of receptors that play a key role in innate immune recognition. Myeloid CLRs exhibit a remarkable ability to recognize an extensive array of ligands, from carbohydrates and beyond, and encompass pattern-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and markers of altered self. These receptors, classified into distinct subgroups, play pivotal roles in immune recognition and modulation of immune responses.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFcauses lethal meningitis and accounts for approximately 10%-15% of AIDS-associated deaths worldwide. There are major gaps in our understanding of how this fungus invades the mammalian brain. To investigate the dynamics of tissue invasion, we mapped fungal localization and host cell interactions in infected brain, lung, and upper airways using mouse models of systemic and airway infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Accurate measurement of renal mass size is crucial in the management of renal cancer. With the burdensome cost of imaging yet its need for management, a better understanding of the variability among patients when determining mass size remains of urgent importance. Current guidelines on optimal imaging are limited, especially with respect to body mass index (BMI).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Germline genetic testing (GT) is important for prostate cancer (PCA) management, clinical trial eligibility, and hereditary cancer risk. However, GT is underutilized and there is a shortage of genetic counselors. To address these gaps, a patient-driven, pretest genetic education webtool was designed and studied compared with traditional genetic counseling (GC) to inform strategies for expanding access to genetic services.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial species capable of co-existing with healthy individuals, such as the commensal fungus exploit multifarious strategies to evade our immune defenses. These strategies include the masking of immunoinflammatory pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) at their cell surface. We reported previously that actively reduces the exposure of the proinflammatory PAMP, β-1,3-glucan, at its cell surface in response to host-related signals such as lactate and hypoxia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmergomyces africanus is a recently identified thermally-dimorphic fungal pathogen that causes disseminated infection in people living with advanced HIV disease. Known as emergomycosis, this disseminated disease is associated with very high case fatality rates. Over the last decade, improved diagnostics and fungal identification in South Africa resulted in a dramatic increase in the number of reported cases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFcauses an estimated half-billion cases of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) every year. VVC is most commonly caused by , which, in this setting, triggers nonprotective neutrophil infiltration, aggressive local inflammation, and symptomatic disease. Despite its prevalence, little is known about the molecular mechanisms underpinning the immunopathology of this fungal infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMany models of choice assume that people retrieve memories of past experiences and use them to guide evaluation and choice. In this paper, we examine whether samples of recalled past experiences do indeed underpin our evaluations of options. We showed participants sequences of numerical values and asked them to recall as many of those values as possible and also to state how much they would be willing to pay for another draw from the sequence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most prevalent infectious complication in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Yet, understanding of fungal pathogenesis in the CGD host remains limited, particularly with regards to infection.
Methods: We have used a murine model of X-linked CGD to investigate how the pathogenesis of IA varies between and , comparing infection in both X-linked CGD (gp91) mice and their parent C57BL/6 (WT) mice.