Antigenicity and receptor affinity of SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.86 spike.

A severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron subvariant, BA.2.86, has emerged and spread to numerous countries worldwide, raising alarm because its spike protein contains 34 additional mutations compared with its BA.

ACE I/D genotype associates with strength in sarcopenic men but not with response to ACE inhibitor therapy in older adults with sarcopenia: Results from the LACE trial.

Background: Angiotensin II (AII), has been suggested to promote muscle loss. Reducing AII synthesis, by inhibiting angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity has been proposed as a method to inhibit muscle loss. The LACE clinical trial was designed to determine whether ACE inhibition would reduce further muscle loss in individuals with sarcopenia but suffered from low recruitment and returned a negative result.

Identifying and Managing Frailty: A Survey of UK Healthcare Professionals.

Frailty is a common condition that leads to multiple adverse outcomes. Frailty should be identified and managed in a holistic, evidence-based and patient-centered way. We aimed to understand how UK healthcare professionals (HCPs) identify and manage frailty in comparison with UK Fit for Frailty guidelines, their frailty training, their confidence in providing support and organizational pathways for this.

Patient navigation for pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder: Results of a randomized multi-site pilot trial.

Background And Aims: Patient navigation (PN) may benefit pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) by improving treatment adherence. We examined participant enrollment, session delivery and assessment feasibility for a PN intervention among pregnant participants and compared PN preliminary effectiveness for OUD treatment engagement with participants in usual care (UC).

Design: This study was a pilot single-blinded multi-site randomized trial.

A luminous fast radio burst that probes the Universe at redshift 1.

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration pulses of radio emission originating from extragalactic distances. Radio dispersion is imparted on each burst by intervening plasma, mostly located in the intergalactic medium. In this work, we observe the burst FRB 20220610A and localize it to a morphologically complex host galaxy system at redshift 1.

Health Care Disparities in Transsphenoidal Surgery for Pituitary Tumors: An Experience from Neighboring Urban Public and Private Hospitals.

 Few studies have assessed the role of socioeconomic health care disparities in skull base pathologies. We compared the clinical history and outcomes of pituitary tumors at private and public hospitals to delineate whether health care disparities exist in pituitary tumor surgery.  We reviewed the records of patients who underwent transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection at NYU Langone Health and Bellevue Hospital.

biomArker-guided Duration of Antibiotic treatment in hospitalised Patients with suspecTed Sepsis (ADAPT-Sepsis): A protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Aim: To describe the protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial to determine whether treatment protocols monitoring daily CRP (C-reactive protein) or PCT (procalcitonin) safely allow a reduction in duration of antibiotic therapy in hospitalised adult patients with sepsis.

Design: Multicentre three-arm randomised controlled trial.

Setting: UK NHS hospitals.

Immunotherapy in combination with chemotherapy vs. immunotherapy alone for advanced non-small cell lung cancer and programmed death ligand 1 score <50.

Introduction: Little is known about the effectiveness of immunotherapy alone or with chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression <50 %. We examined the outcomes of PD-L1 therapy vs. PD-L1 therapy in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment among NSCLC patients with PD-L1 score <50 %.

Performance of dairy cows offered either zero-grazed grass or grass silage prepared from the same sward.

Daily harvesting of fresh grass for housed livestock when its nutritive value is high (Zero-grazing) is a labour-intensive process which requires a consistent supply of grass at the optimum growth stage. An alternative approach which may save on labour and require less time spent on grassland management each day, involves harvesting and ensiling herbage on a number of occasions (every 4 weeks approximately) during the growing season when it is at the same nutritive value as herbage used for zero-grazing. This study examined the impact of these two approaches to dairy cow performance.

Human scent as a first-line defense against disease.

Individuals may have a different body odor, when they are sick compared to healthy. In the non-human animal literature, olfactory cues have been shown to predict avoidance of sick individuals. We tested whether the mere experimental activation of the innate immune system in healthy human individuals can make an individuals' body odor be perceived as more aversive (intense, unpleasant, and disgusting).

Pathologic Features, Treatment, and Clinical Outcomes of Lacrimal Gland Cancer.

Objectives: Lacrimal gland cancer is a rare malignancy with little data known about its pathologic characteristics or optimal management. We performed a large database analysis using the National Cancer Database (NCDB) to elucidate this unusual condition.

Methods: Patients with lacrimal gland cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2018 were included in the analysis.

Genetic Sex Validation for Sample Tracking in Clinical Testing.

Objective: Data from DNA genotyping via a 96-SNP panel in a study of 25,015 clinical samples were utilized for quality control and tracking of sample identity in a clinical sequencing network. The study aimed to demonstrate the value of both the precise SNP tracking and the utility of the panel for predicting the sex-by-genotype of the participants, to identify possible sample mix-ups.

Results: Precise SNP tracking showed no sample swap errors within the clinical testing laboratories.

Co-occurring implementation strategies: The effects of academic detailing for opioid use disorder campaign on the advancing pharmacological treatments for opioid use disorder (ADaPT-OUD) study.

Background: Barriers at the system, clinician, and patient level limit access to medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). The Advancing Pharmacological Treatments for Opioid Use Disorder (ADaPT-OUD) study implemented an external facilitation strategy within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) aimed at facility-level barriers to improve uptake of MOUD. During ADaPT-OUD, an independent Academic Detailing Services Opioid Agonist Treatment of OUD Campaign was co-occurring and aimed to increase evidence-based practice for OUD at the clinician level.

Complications in Hand Surgery During Early Independent Practice: A Single Surgeon's 5-Year Experience.

Background: The objective of this study was to understand the frequency and types of complications, and the associated postoperative outcomes within the first 5 years of practice after hand and upper extremity surgery fellowship.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study of all patients seen and surgically treated by a single surgeon at a single institution from August 2014 to September 2019. This corresponded to the first 5 years of practice after fellowship.

Assessing the Finances of Applying to Surgical Residency in 2019-2020: A US Nationwide Surgical Specialties Comparison.

The costs of applying to residency programs may affect which students choose to apply to a specialty, yet few studies have compared expenses of applying to different surgical specialties. To compare individual and total expenses for applicants applying to 5 US surgical specialties during an in-person interview and recruitment period. Post-match survey data from 2019-2020, from senior applicants of 123 of 141 (87.

Weight Stigma Associated With Mental Health Concerns Among College Students.

Introduction: Weight stigma is widespread and exists across numerous domains including health care, educational institutions, workplaces, mass media, and interpersonal relationships. Weight stigma experienced during the college years may be particularly consequential because the college years are a period of increased vulnerability for the development of mental health concerns. The purpose of the present study was to examine how experiences of weight stigma relate to mental health concerns, including symptoms of eating disorders, anxiety, and depression, among college students.

Age Differences in Physiological Reactivity to Daily Emotional Experiences.

Unlabelled: How does physiological reactivity to emotional experiences change with age? Previous studies addressing this question have mostly been conducted in laboratory settings during which emotions are induced via pictures, films, or relived memories, raising external validity questions. In the present research, we draw upon two datasets collected using ecological momentary assessment methods (totaling 134,723 daily reports from 14,436 individuals) to examine age differences in heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) reactivity to naturally occurring emotional experiences. We first examined how older and younger individuals differ in the prevalence of emotions varying in valence and arousal.

Comparing Postoperative Taping vs Customized 3D Splints for Managing Nasal Edema after Rhinoplasty.

Background: Significant swelling after rhinoplasty can temporarily obscure results and lead to distress for patients and surgeons. We recently developed three dimensional (3D)-printed nasal splints that aim to protect the nose and limit edema by applying gentle compression. This prospective, randomized study compares postoperative nasal edema in patients being treated with traditional taping versus 3D-printed splints.

Iliac crest bone graft versus cell-based grafts to augment spinal fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Despite successful fusion rates with iliac crest bone graft (ICBG), donor-site morbidity and increased operating time remain a considerable limitation and drive the search for alternatives. In this systematic review, grafts with additional cellular supplementation were compared with ICBG for spinal arthrodesis. We compared safety, efficacy and long-term outcomes, thus providing the current and relevant evidence for orthopaedic surgeons to make informed choices regarding this rapidly developing field.

Co-use of Opioid Medications and Alcohol Prevention Study (COAPS).

While there is limited research in the field regarding the various dimensions of co-use of alcohol and opioid medication, particularly related to co-use and levels of severity, our research has shown 20% to 30% of community pharmacy patients receiving opioid pain medications are engaged in co-use. Co-use of alcohol and opioid medications is a significant risk factor for opioid-related overdose. Community pharmacy is a valuable yet underutilized resource and setting for addressing the US opioid epidemic, with an untapped potential for identification of and intervention for risks associated with co-use of alcohol and opioids.

Feeling understood and appreciated in relationships: Where do these perceptions come from and why do they matter?

Perceptions of romantic partners (even inaccurate perceptions) are important determinants of initial liking and long-term relationship satisfaction. In the current article, we consider the role of perceptions in romantic relationships through the lens of felt understanding and appreciation. We first examine where perceptions of feeling understood and appreciated come from, considering partner, self, and dyadic influences.