Zinc, copper, copper-to-zinc ratio, and other biometals in blood serum and tumor tissue of patients with colorectal cancer.

The objective of the present study was to assess serum and cancerous tissue biometal levels in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, and its relation to disease severity. A total of 90 CRC patients and 97 controls were involved in the present study. The level of biometals in blood serum and colon tissues (only in CRC cases) was evaluated by inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry.

Physicochemical characterization of the metamorphosis of film-forming formulations of betamethasone-17-valerate.

Following topical application of a dermatological product, the loss (by evaporation and/or absorption through the skin) of volatile excipients will alter the composition of the formulation remaining on the tissue. This so-called metamorphosis impacts the concentration of the drug in the residual vehicle, (potentially) its physical form therein and, as a result, its uptake into and subsequent permeation through the skin. This research aimed to characterise - using primarily confocal Raman microspectroscopy - the metamorphosis of film-forming formulations of betamethasone-17-valerate (at different loadings) comprised of hydroxypropyl cellulose (film-forming agent), triethyl citrate (plasticizer) and ethanol (solvent).

The diamond-silicon carbide composite Skeleton as a promising material for substrates of intense X-ray beam optics.

The paper considers the possibility of using the diamond-silicon carbide composite Skeleton with a technological coating of polycrystalline silicon as a substrate for X-ray mirrors used with powerful synchrotron radiation sources (third+ and fourth generation). Samples were studied after polishing to provide the following surface parameters: root-mean-square flatness ≃ 50 nm, micro-roughness on the frame 2 µm × 2 µm σ ≃ 0.15 nm.

A nearly complete database on the records and ecology of the rarest boreal tiger moth from 1840s to 2020.

Global environmental changes may cause dramatic insect declines but over century-long time series of certain species' records are rarely available for scientific research. The Menetries' Tiger Moth (Arctia menetriesii) appears to be the most enigmatic example among boreal insects. Although it occurs throughout the entire Eurasian taiga biome, it is so rare that less than 100 specimens were recorded since its original description in 1846.

The mTOR Pathway in Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lessons for Understanding Cancer Cell Dormancy.

Currently, the success of targeted anticancer therapies largely depends on the correct understanding of the dormant state of cancer cells, since it is increasingly regarded to fuel tumor recurrence. The concept of cancer cell dormancy is often considered as an adaptive response of cancer cells to stress, and, therefore, is limited. It is possible that the cancer dormant state is not a privilege of cancer cells but the same reproductive survival strategy as diapause used by embryonic stem cells (ESCs).

Detection of Urothelial Bladder Cancer Based on Urine and Tissue Telomerase Activity Measured by Novel RT-TRAP-2PCR Method.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic performance of urine telomerase activity (TA) in detecting bladder cancer (BCa) using the modified Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol (TRAP) and the Real Time Telomeric Repeat Amplification Protocol with double Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-TRAP-2PCR).

Methods: In this case-control study, matching urine (in the pre- and post-surgical period) and tissue samples from 68 patients with BCa were assessed for TA. As a control, 45 urine samples were examined from non-BCa patients.

Facial emotion perception in young female students with subsyndromal panic disorder. Behavioral and ERP study.

This study aimed to examine the behavioral and neural correlates of facial emotion recognition in young women with subsyndromal panic disorder (SPD). In the experiment 15 non-medicated women with SPD and 17 matched healthy controls were tasked with recognizing angry, fearful, happy, and neutral facial expressions, and accuracy, reaction time (RT), and event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Significant between-group differences in behavioral characteristics (accuracy of emotion recognition and RT) were not found, however, the SPD subjects demonstrated a slower response to fearful expressions compared to neutral and happy expressions.

[Telomerase activity, mTert gene expression and the telomere length in mouse mesenchymal stem cells in the late period after γ- and γ,n-irradiation and in the tumors developed from these cells].

In proliferating normal and tumor cells, the telomere length (TL) is maintained by high telomerase activity (TA). In the absence of TA the TL maintenance involves a mechanism of alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). The aim of this study was to investigate the level of TA, the mTert expression and TL in cultured normal and transformed by γ- and γ,n-irradiation mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from mouse bone marrow, in sarcomas that developed after the transplantation of these cells into syngeneic mice, and in fibrosarcoma cell lines obtained from these tumors to find out the role of AT or ALT in maintaining TL in these cells.

Atomic dispensers for thermoplasmonic control of alkali vapor pressure in quantum optical applications.

Alkali metal vapors enable access to single electron systems, suitable for demonstrating fundamental light-matter interactions and promising for quantum logic operations, storage and sensing. However, progress is hampered by the need for robust and repeatable control over the atomic vapor density and over the associated optical depth. Until now, a moderate improvement of the optical depth was attainable through bulk heating or laser desorption - both time-consuming techniques.

Mechanism of human nail poration by high-repetition-rate, femtosecond laser ablation.

Optical poration, or drilling, of the human nail has the potential to drastically improve transungual drug delivery. However, this approach is accompanied by thermal damage to the nail tissue surrounding the laser radiation-created pore. In this paper, fluorescence microscopy has been employed to quantitatively evaluate thermal damage to the nail induced by laser ablation with 80 MHz, nanojoule, femtosecond pulses delivered via a hollow-core fibre.

[Current trends in bladder cancer diagnosis].

In the Russian Federation, a proportion of bladder cancer in the overall structure of malignant tumors is about 2.8% and among oncological diseases of genitourinary system its incidence is second only to prostate cancer. Bladder cancer ranks as ninth most prevalent in males and as eighteens in females.

[Transanal mesorectumectomy for rectal cancer - is it optimal surgery for 'difficult' patients?].

Aim: To compare short-term outcomes after transanal total mesorectumectomy (Ta-TME) and laparoscopic (Lap-TME) procedure in 'difficult' patients.

Material And Methods: Prospective nonrandomized trial included patients with confirmed middle-/low rectum adenocarcinoma T1-4aN0-2M0 for the period November 2013 - September 2016. We identified 20 out of 55 in TA-TME and 14 out of 54 patients in Lap-TME group as those of 'difficult' subgroup: male, BMI ≥25 кг/м, previous chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Neurophysiological markers of high anxiety level in man during the process of preparing for a visual recognition.

By means of EEG analysis the functional state of subjects with high and low levels of anxiety was studied in different periods preceding a cognitive task - a visual expression recognition. Several conditions were investigated: background/eyes closed; background/eyes opened; listening the instruction for the cognitive task; operative rest (time lapse between listening the instruction and the beginning of the task), as well as short intervals immediately preceding the exposition of target stimuli (stage of preparation) - pairs of faces pictures with identical or different emotional expressions. At all these pre-task stages high-anxiety subjects exhibited much lower amplitude values in alpha and theta bands (as compared with low-anxiety subjects).

Precise laser poration to control drug delivery into and through human nail.

Drug treatment of diseases of the human nail remains a difficult challenge; topical therapy, in particular, is limited by very poor transport of active agents across the nail itself. The objective of this research was to examine the potential of controlled, and fibre-optic delivered, femtosecond laser light pulses to provide new pathways and opportunities for drug access to targets within and beneath the nail plate. Optical, confocal fluorescence and scanning electron microscopies demonstrated partial and complete laser poration of human nail samples, with the energy per pore and the exposure duration being the key modulating parameters that determined the extent of ablation achieved.

[The role of telomerase activity in non-invasive diagnostics of bladder cancer].

Purpose: To evaluate the potentials of determining the telomerase activity (TA) in the cellular material of the urine for noninvasive diagnosis of bladder cancer (BC).

Materials And Methods: Evaluation of TA was performed in the urine of 48 patients with bladder cancer (study group) before and after transurethral resection of the bladder wall (n=38), an open resection of the bladder (n=4), and cystectomy (n=6). TA was also evaluated in 48 tumor tissue samples obtained from these patients during removal of the bladder tumor.

[The modified method registration of kinesthetic evoked potentials and its application for research of proprioceptive sensitivity disorders at spondylogenic cervical myelopathy].

Objective: To analyze the efficacy of modified (passive radiocarpal articulation flexion/extension) and «standard» (passive radiocarpal articulation flexion) methods of kinesthetic evoked potentials for proprioceptive sensitivity assessment in healthy subjects and patients with spondylotic cervical myelopathy.

Material And Methods: The study included 14 healthy subjects (4 women and 10 men, mean age 54.1±10.

[THE NEW CONCEPT OF COMBINED USE OF EXTRACORPOREAL BLOOD CORRECTION IN COMPLEX INTENSIVE THERAPY OF SEVERE SEPSIS IN PATIENTS AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY].

Objective: Clinical and laboratory evaluation of the safety and efficacy of combined application of LPS selective adsorption (using cartridges with immobilized polymyxin B on fibers) and plasma filtration and adsorption (CPFA) in patients with severe sepsis after surgery on the heart and blood vessels.

Material And Methods: The study involved 40 adult patients with severe sepsis after cardiac surgery. Group I included 20 patients who received the combined therapy with LPS-selective adsorption and CPFA in a single circuit.

[DISORDERS OF LUNG FUNCTION IN THE EARLY POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD IN PATIENTS OPERATED ON THE ASCENDING AORTA WITH THE EXPANSION OF INTERVENTION ON THE AORTIC ARCH].

Precapillary artery--arterial (bronchial artery--pulmonay artery) anastomoses, come into play in cases where the locking artery open and alveoli washed arterialized blood. Normally, these anastomoses are closed. Intrapulmonary shunts carry blood supply acinar hinder extraordinary circumstances (chronic pulmonary embolism, surgery, occurring in cardiopulmonary bypass, when the flaw of blood through the Iungs is suspended for the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass).

mTOR kinase inhibitor pp242 causes mitophagy terminated by apoptotic cell death in E1A-Ras transformed cells.

mTOR is a critical target for controlling cell cycle progression, senescence and cell death in mammalian cancer cells. Here we studied the role of mTOR-dependent autophagy in implementating the antiprolifrative effect of mTORC1-specific inhibitor rapamycin and ATP-competitive mTOR kinase inhibitor pp242. We carried out a comprehensive analysis of pp242- and rapamycin-induced autophagy in ERas tumor cells.

[Results of complex treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal using advanced radiotherapy technologies].

During recent decades radiotherapy is the basis, on which it is built a medical complex that is the first-line treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. An increase of overall and disease-free survival and quality of life of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal at the present stage of development of a comprehensive medical treatment is largely due to the improvement of technical equipment of radiotherapy departments of oncology clinics. The use of modem linear electron accelerators and systems of computer dosimetric planning to create a 3D program of isodose distribution, diagnostic devices (computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging) as well as a number of other conditions permit accurate summarizing of proposed dose, reducing of absorbed dose to critical structures, diminishing unplanned interruptions in chemoradiotherapy course by means of modern technologies of conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT, IMRT, VMAT).

Femtosecond pulsed laser ablation to enhance drug delivery across the skin.

Laser poration of the skin locally removes its outermost, barrier layer, and thereby provides a route for the diffusion of topically applied drugs. Ideally, no thermal damage would surround the pores created in the skin, as tissue coagulation would be expected to limit drug diffusion. Here, a femtosecond pulsed fiber laser is used to porate mammalian skin ex vivo.

Biophysical elucidation of the mechanism of enhanced drug release and topical delivery from polymeric film-forming systems.

The effect of incorporating the lipidic medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) into polymeric film-forming systems (FFS) for topical drug delivery has been evaluated. First, the in vitro release of betamethasone-17-valerate (BMV), a representative dermatological drug, was determined from FFS comprising either hydrophobic polyacrylate co-polymers, or hydrophilic hydroxypropyl cellulose, with and without MCT. Release was enhanced from both polymers in the presence of MCT.

[Antiapoptotic gene bcl-2 prevents cellular senescence program reactivation induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium butyrate in E1A and cHa-ras transformed rat fibroblasts].

We have investigated the role of apoptosis resistance gene bcl-2 in the activation of cellular senescence program induced by histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) sodium butyrate (NaBut) in transformed rat fibroblasts. This study was conducted in a resistant to apoptosis induction cell line of rat embryo fibroblasts transfor- med by oncogenes E1A, cHa-ras and bcl-2 (ERasBcl). The parent cell line transformed with only EJA and cHa-ras (ERas) was used as a control.

[Development of noninvasive bladder cancer diagnosis on basis of telomerase and it's subunits hTERT and hTR detection].

Telomerase activity (TA) and expression of genes coding it's subunits (hTERT and hTR) have been examined in tumor tissue and urine sediment samples taken from patients with bladder cancer (BC) using the modified TRAP assay (in the case of telomerase detection) and RT-PCR (in the case of hTERT and hTR expression). Results obtained in this study demonstrate possibility of noninvasive diagnosis of BC with sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% in the case of telomerase detection and with sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% in the case of hTERT detection in urine sediment samples.