Is the female sex associated with an increased risk for long-term cognitive decline after the first-ever lacunar stroke? Prospective study on small vessel disease cohort.

Background: Sex is a significant determinant of survival and functional outcome after stroke. Long-term cognitive outcome after acute lacunar stroke in the context of sex differences has been rarely reported.

Methods: A cohort of small vessel disease (SVD) patients presenting with first-ever acute lacunar stroke and normal cognitive status has been evaluated 4 years after the qualifying event for the presence of cognitive impairment (CI) with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.

Increased risk of cognitive impairment and more severe brain lesions in hypertensive compared to non-hypertensive patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Although cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is traditionally associated with aging and hypertension (HT), there are patients exhibiting sporadic SVD, free of HT. We aimed to investigate the differences in clinical and neuroradiological presentation in SVD patients in reference to the presence of HT as a risk factor (RF). Vascular RF, cognitive and functional status were evaluated in a cohort of 424 patients.

Baseline characteristic of patients presenting with lacunar stroke and cerebral small vessel disease may predict future development of depression.

Objective: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with late-onset depression and increases the risk for depression after stroke. We aimed to investigate baseline predictors of depression after long-term follow-up in patients with SVD, initially presenting with first-ever lacunar stroke, free of depression and cognitive impairment.

Methods: A total of 294 patients with SVD were evaluated 3-5 years after the qualifying event.

Baseline predictors of cognitive decline in patients with cerebral small vessel disease.

Introduction: Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is a common cause of cognitive impairment and vascular dementia.

Objective: We aimed to investigate predictors of cognitive decline in patients with SVD who initially presented with first-ever small subcortical stroke of lacunar type but had normal cognitive status.

Methods: A total of 294 patients with SVD were evaluated 3-5 years after initial presentation.

Dysarthria and mutism.

Dysarthria is a speech disorder associated with impairments of intelligibility, smoothness, loudness, and clarity of articulations. Dysarthria involves disability of reproducing various physical, tonal, and sound features of speech sounds in oral speech; unintelligible and slurred articulation with swallowing of sounds is characteristic. Articulatory movements and speech are slow, patients complain to the sensations of a 'thick' tongue and 'porridge' in the mouth.

What are the differences between younger and older patients with symptomatic small vessel disease?

Objective: Although typically linked to aging, small vessel disease (SVD) is also observed in younger adult patients, with common vascular risk factors (RF). We aimed to investigate features of SVD occurrence at an early adult age.

Patients And Methods: Vascular RF, functional and cognitive status and severity of lesions on MRI expressed as total score on Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) scale were analyzed in 200 consecutive patients with cerebral SVD admitted to a tertiary neurological hospital.

[Incompetence of internal jugular vein valve in patients with transient global amnesia].

Background/aim: Transient global amnesia (TGA) could be related to acute ischemic disturbances in mesial parts of temporal lobes, which are important for memory. Incompetence of internal jugular vein (IJV) valve with venous congestion causes venous microthrombosis of hippocampus. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of IJV valve incompetence, as well as other hemodynamic and structural properties of cerebral circulation in TGA patients.

Speech and language disorders secondary to diffuse subcortical vascular lesions: Neurolinguistic and acoustic analysis. A case report.

Background And Purpose: Subcortical white matter (WM) plays an important role in speech production and language processing. Most frequently, cerebral WM lesions are secondary to small vessel disease in patients with vascular risk factors. We report the case of a 53-year-old man with history of hypertension and ischemic subcortical lesions, who presented with speech difficulties and mild cognitive impairment.

[Botulinum toxin efficacy in the treatment of patients with spasmodic dysphonia].

Background/aim: Spasmodic dysphonia (DS) is a disabling speech disturbance appearing as the consequence of dystonic vocal folds contraction. Its intermittent appearance in the laryngeal muscles causes vocal function discontinuation. The quality of life of these patients is significantly disturbed.

[Executive functions in young patients with unipolar depression].

Neuropsychological deficits associated with unipolar depression are seen in a broad range of cognitive domains. Executive deficits may be prominent in depression. Investigation of executive functions in younger adult patients with unipolar depression has been the focus of our study.

[Postoperative nausea and vomiting].

Introduction: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and pain are the most common complaints following anesthesia and surgery, and due to negative emotional impact on patients, they cause prolonged postoperative recovery. The incidence of PONV is 20-30% during the first 24 h after anesthesia. Both peripheral and central mechanisms are involved in control of emesis.