Photochemistry dominates over photothermal effects in the laser-induced reduction of graphene oxide by visible light.

Graphene oxide (GO) possesses specific properties that are revolutionizing materials science, with applications extending from flexible electronics to advanced nanotechnology. A key method for harnessing GO's potential is its laser-induced reduction, yet the exact mechanisms - photothermal versus photochemical effects - remain unclear. Herein, we discover the dominant role of photochemical reactions in the laser reduction of GO under visible light, challenging the prevailing assumption that photothermal effects are dominant.

Oxidation Performance of Nano-Layered (AlTiZrHfTa)N/SiN Coatings Deposited by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering.

This work uses the direct current magnetron sputtering (DCMS) of equi-atomic (AlTiZrHfTa) and Si targets in dynamic sweep mode to deposit nano-layered (AlTiZrHfTa)N/SiN refractory high-entropy coatings (RHECs). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to investigate the effect of Si addition on the oxidation behavior of the nano-layered coatings. The Si-free nitride coating exhibits FCC structure and columnar morphology, while the Si-doped nitride coatings present a FCC (AlTiZrHfTa)N/amorphous-SiN nano-layered architecture.

New Biodegradable Copolymers Based on Betulin and Hydroxycarboxylic Acid Derivatives.

In this study, we propose an approach to the synthesis of new biodegradable polymer materials based on renewable raw feedstock (betulin) and derivatives of hydroxycarboxylic acids using a catalyst/catalytic system (γ-AlO, γ-AlO/TBHP) that is safe for health and the environment. The resulting polymers are linear thermoplastic polymers that undergo collapse upon melting in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. Moreover, these polymers demonstrate non-toxicity towards a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Distinct Ecosystems of the North Caucasus, a Temperate Biodiversity Hotspot.

Background: Investigations that are focused on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) biodiversity is still limited. The analysis of the AMF taxa in the North Caucasus, a temperate biodiversity hotspot, used to be limited to the genus level. This study aimed to define the AMF biodiversity at the species level in the North Caucasus biotopes.

Taxonomic diversity and abundance of enchytraeids (Annelida, Clitellata, Enchytraeida) in the Northern Palaearctic. 1. Asian part.

Background: Enchytraeids, or potworms, are tiny oligochaetes that are distributed worldwide in many terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. Despite their key role in the functioning of ecosystems, the diversity and abundance of Enchytraeidae are rarely studied due to the laborious process of species identification. The present study addresses this gap and sheds some light on the distribution and abundance of enchytraeids in the lands of the Northern Palearctic.

Sitravatinib combined with PD-1 blockade enhances cytotoxic T-cell infiltration by M2 to M1 tumor macrophage repolarization in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Sitravatinib is a novel multi-gene tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) receptors, VEGF, PDGF and c-Kit. Currently, sitravatinib is actively being studied in clinical trials across solid tumors and other TKIs have shown efficacy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer models.

[Transcriptome analysis of tissue microbiota diversity in tumor and non-tumor lymph nodes].

Background: Metagenomic studies in recent years have demonstrated that all tissues of the human body studied by genomic and transcriptomic sequencing methods, both in pathological processes and in normality, contain fragments of DNA and RNA from a variety of microorganisms. The composition of tissue microbiota and its relationship with development of pathological changes are still poorly understood, despite increasing number of studies in this area every year. In this study, gene expression of the lymph node microbiome in reactive follicular hyperplasia and follicular lymphoma was investigated.

The Effects of Inoculation on Transcriptome of Leaves at Early Vegetative and Flowering Stages of Plant Development.

The study is aimed at revealing the effects of inoculation on the transcriptome of leaves at the early (second leaf formation) and later (flowering) stages of plant development. A pot experiment was conducted under conditions of low phosphorus (P) level in the substrate. plants were characterized by high mycorrhizal growth response and mycorrhization parameters.

Prognostic signature based on mitochondria quality control proteins for the prediction of lung adenocarcinoma patients survival.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In recent years, the incidence of lung cancer subtype lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has steadily increased. Mitochondria, as a pivotal site of cell bioenergetics, metabolism, cell signaling, and cell death, are often dysregulated in lung cancer cells.

"Functional upcycling" of polymer waste towards the design of new materials.

Diversification of polymer waste recycling is one of the solutions to improve the current environmental scenario. Upcycling is a promising strategy for converting polymer waste into molecular intermediates and high-value products. Although the catalytic transformations into small molecules have been actively discussed, the methods and characteristics of upcycling into new materials have not yet been addressed.

SWEET transporters of Medicago lupulina in the arbuscular-mycorrhizal system in the presence of medium level of available phosphorus.

Arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi receive photosynthetic products and sugars from plants in exchange for contributing to the uptake of minerals, especially phosphorus, from the soil. The identification of genes controlling AM symbiotic efficiency may have practical application in the creation of highly productive plant-microbe systems. The aim of our work was to evaluate the expression levels of SWEET sugar transporter genes, the only family in which sugar transporters specific to AM symbiosis can be detected.

Studying the Geroprotective Properties of YAP/TAZ Signaling Inhibitors on Model.

The transcriptional coactivators Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are the main downstream effectors of the evolutionarily conserved Hippo signaling pathway. YAP/TAZ are implicated in the transcriptional regulation of target genes that are involved in a wide range of key biological processes affecting tissue homeostasis and play dual roles in the aging process, depending on the cellular and tissue context. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether pharmacological inhibitors of Yap/Taz increase the lifespan of .

Simultaneous activation of the hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis genes (CBS and CSE) induces sex-specific geroprotective effects in Drosophila melanogaster.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is one of the most important gasotransmitters that affect lifespan and provide resistance to adverse environmental conditions. Here we investigated geroprotective effects of the individual and simultaneous overexpression of genes encoding key enzymes of HS biosynthesis - cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) on D. melanogaster model.

Prognostic and predictive biomarkers for response to neoadjuvant chemoradiation in esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is a lethal disease. For locally advanced patients, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery is the standard of care. Risk stratification relies heavily on clinicopathologic features, particularly pathologic response, which is inadequate, therefore establishing the need for new and reliable biomarkers for risk stratification.

The Role of Interaction with in the Determination of Root Metabolome at Early Stages of AM Symbiosis.

The nature of plant-fungi interaction at early stages of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) development is still a puzzling problem. To investigate the processes behind this interaction, we used the MlS-1 line that forms high-efficient AM symbiosis with . AM fungus actively colonizes the root system of the host plant and contributes to the formation of effective AM as characterized by a high mycorrhizal growth response (MGR) in the host plant.

Bacillus pumilus proteome changes in response to 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene-induced stress.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most widely used nitroaromatic compound and is highly resistant to degradation. Most aerobic microorganisms reduce TNT to amino derivatives via formation of nitroso- and hydroxylamine intermediates. Although pathways of TNT degradation are well studied, proteomic analysis of TNT-degrading bacteria was done only for some individual Gram-negative strains.

Molecular mechanisms of exceptional lifespan increase of Drosophila melanogaster with different genotypes after combinations of pro-longevity interventions.

Aging is one of the global challenges of our time. The search for new anti-aging interventions is also an issue of great actuality. We report on the success of Drosophila melanogaster lifespan extension under the combined influence of dietary restriction, co-administration of berberine, fucoxanthin, and rapamycin, photodeprivation, and low-temperature conditions up to 185 days in w strain and up to 213 days in long-lived E(z)/w mutants.

New Trends in Nanoarchitectured SERS Substrates: Nanospaces, 2D Materials, and Organic Heterostructures.

This article reviews recent fabrication methods for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with a focus on advanced nanoarchitecture based on noble metals with special nanospaces (round tips, gaps, and porous spaces), nanolayered 2D materials, including hybridization with metallic nanostructures (NSs), and the contemporary repertoire of nanoarchitecturing with organic molecules. The use of SERS for multidisciplinary applications has been extensively investigated because the considerably enhanced signal intensity enables the detection of a very small number of molecules with molecular fingerprints. Nanoarchitecture strategies for the design of new NSs play a vital role in developing SERS substrates.

CSF-1R inhibitor, pexidartinib, sensitizes esophageal adenocarcinoma to PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade in a rat model.

Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Pexidartinib, a multi-gene tyrosine kinase inhibitor, through targeting colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor (CSF-1R), down modulates macrophage-mediated pro-survival tumor signaling. Previously, CSF-1R inhibitors have successfully shown to enhance antitumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors by suppressing tumor immune evasion, in solid tumors.

Deletions of the cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) genes, involved in the control of hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis, significantly affect lifespan and fitness components of Drosophila melanogaster.

The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (HS) is an important biological mediator, playing an essential role in many physiological and pathological processes. It is produced by transsulfuration - an evolutionarily highly conserved pathway for the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids methionine and cysteine. Cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enzymes play a central role in cysteine metabolism and HS production.

Vaccine building 'kit': combining peptide bricks to elicit a desired immune response without adding an adjuvant.

Protein nanoparticles (NPs) can be used as vaccine platforms for target antigen presentation. To conduct a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate that an effective NP platform can be built based on a short self-assembling peptide (SAP) rather than a large self-assembling protein. SUMO-based protein fusions (SFs) containing an N-terminal SAP and a C-terminal antigen were designed, expressed in  and purified.

Urokinase Receptor uPAR Downregulation in Neuroblastoma Leads to Dormancy, Chemoresistance and Metastasis.

uPAR is a membrane receptor that binds extracellular protease urokinase, contributes to matrix remodeling and plays a crucial role in cellular adhesion, proliferation, survival, and migration. uPAR overexpression in tumor cells promotes mitogenesis, opening a prospective avenue for targeted therapy. However, uPAR targeting in cancer has potential risks.

A Balance Between Autophagy and Other Cell Death Modalities in Cancer.

Autophagy is an intracellular self-digestive process involved in catabolic degradation of damaged proteins, and organelles, and the elimination of cellular pathogens. Initially, autophagy was considered as a prosurvival mechanism, but the following insights shed light on its prodeath function. Nowadays, autophagy is established as a crucial player in the development of various diseases through interaction with other molecular pathways within a cell.