TLR3-mediated Astrocyte Responses in High and Normal Glucose Adaptation Differently Regulated by Metformin.

Toll-like receptors 3 (TLR3) are innate immune receptors expressed on a wide range of cell types, including glial cells. Inflammatory responses altered by hyperglycemia highlight the need to explore the molecular underpinnings of these changes in cellular models. Therefore, here we estimated TLR3-mediated response of astrocytes cultured at normal (NG, 5 mM) and high (HG, 22.

Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Metformin During Cultivation of Primary Rat Astrocytes in a Medium with High Glucose Concentration.

Investigation of the relationship between inflammation and energy metabolism is important for understanding biology of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Use of metformin, a drug for treatment of diabetes, is considered as a promising direction for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and other neuropathologies with an inflammatory component. Astrocytes play an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism and neuroinflammation; therefore, we studied the effect of metformin on the cellular responses of primary rat astrocytes cultured in a medium with high glucose concentration (22.

[Comparative efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease].

Aim To compare efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and reduced creatinine clearance.Material and methods Systematic search for literature and indirect comparison of DOACs were performed.Results The indirect comparison included five randomized clinical trials.

[Idiopathic hypercalciuria. Diagnosis and treatment].

Most patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium nephrolithiasis have a family history of the disease. Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a metabolic abnormality with various causes and developmental pathways. The systematic review describes specific mutations associated with idiopathic hypercalciuria and nephrolithiasis.

[State of the myocardial contractile function of the right sections of the heart and of the pulmonary hemodynamics in liver cirrhosis (based on clinical instrumental and morphological study data)].

The state of pulmonary hemodynamics and the contractile function of the right parts of the heart were studied clinically and instrumentally in 35 patients with diffuse chronic pathological conditions of the liver. The lungs and heart were examined morphologically in 24 persons who had died from cirrhosis of the liver in the edematous-ascitic stage. Pulmonary hypertension was found to be directly dependent on the degree of the diffuse affection of the liver.

[Functional state of the myocardium in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis after acute strophanthin stimulation].

Thirteen patients with chronic hepatitis and 34 with liver cirrhosis, aged 15 to 68 years, were subjected to a study of myocardial contractility by means of phase analysis of cardiac contractions and roentgenocardiometric determination of the cardiac volume, to a study of total haemodynamics by means of radiocardiography, that of intrahepatic circulation -- by rheohepatography under acute strophanthin stimulation. The revealed peculiarities of cardiohaemodynamics can be used for a prognostic evaluation of the efficiency and expediency of the employment of digitalispreparations in such patients.