["Guiding lights" for the diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension in the flow of patients with pulmonary embolism].

On December 13, 2021, an expert council was held to determine the position of experts of different specialties regarding the reasons for the low level of diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in real clinical practice in a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection and possible ways to improve detection in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE) ) in history. The reasons for the low level of diagnosis of CTEPH are the insufficient level of knowledge of specialists, especially primary care physicians; lack of clear regulatory documents and expert centers for the management of this category of patients. Primary diagnosis of CTEPH in a pandemic can be strengthened through the widespread use of telemedicine for consultations of primary care physicians with specialists from expert centers; to maximize the role of echocardiography and computed tomography (CT) as differential diagnostic tools for dyspnea, in particular in patients with COVID-19.

[Changes in pulmonary vessels in complicated congenital valvular defects with high pulmonary hypertension].

349 cases of morphological alteration of pulmonary vessels with complex inborn heart defects (major vessels transposition with intraventricular septum deficiency, Taussig-Bing anomaly, double vessels departure from the right ventricle, common arterial trunk, single heart ventricle) were studied by the time and growth speed of structural vascular changes of lung circulation in correspondence with classification of Heath-Edwards. It is established that formation of morphological changes of pulmonary vessels in those defects takes place during the first half of year of patient life. Most malignant vascular changes occur in common arterial trunck and transposition of major vessels with a defect of the interventricular septum.

[Correction of mitral valve insufficiency in the incomplete form of atrioventricular canal].

Correction of the incomplete atrioventricular canal is considered to be a routine operation leading to mortality no more than 5%. Significant insufficiency of the atrioventricular (AV) valve worsens prognosis and increases mortality up to 30%. From 1989 to 1999 the Research Center of Cardiovascular Surgery performed 151 operations for this defect in patients aged 3 months to 50 years, which showed general mortality rates of 8.

[Comparative assessment of hemodynamic parameters in ventricular septal defect, obtained by Doppler echocardiography and catheterization of cardiac cavities].

The study was undertaken to assess hemodynamic parameters by Doppler echocardiography in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and pulmonary hypertension. Seventy-two patients aged 5 months to 9 years (mean 2.5 years) who had isolated VSD were examined.

[Embryologic and pathogenetic aspects of the common atrioventricular canal development].

Atrioventricular canal (AVC) is an inherited defect the embryological basis of which is deficiency of the affluent part of the interventricular septum (IVS). Folds of the atrioventricular (AV) valves are formed from the myocardium and not from the endocardial thickening but much later than the IVS formation. Under the conditions of the affluent part of IVS the mode of connection of the anterior fold of the left AV valve creates the narrowing of the left ventricular effluent part.

[Attempt at allo-aortal conduits in the correction of congenital heart defects].

In the period September 1990 to April 1993, an allo-aortic conduit was used in 16 patients during reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow duct. The patients age ranged from 2 years 8 months to 14 years, their body weight was 11.8 to 26 kg.

[Initial experience in the correction of the tetralogy of Fallot in infants using an approach through the right atrium and the pulmonary artery].

Radical correction of Fallot's tetralogy by means of an approach through the right atrium and pulmonary artery without ventriculotomy (10 patients) or with minimal ventriculotomy (23 patients) was carried out in children whose ages ranged from 13 to 50 months and body weight from 7.9 to 15 kg. Lethality was 12%.

[Indications for open biopsy of the lung in patients with ventricular septal defects and high-degree pulmonary hypertension].

Analysis of the values of hemodynamics and the results of open biopsy of the lung in 60 patients with ventricular septal defect and high-level pulmonary hypertension, as well as the results of surgical treatment of 30 of them showed the expediency of diagnostic open biopsy of the lung in patients of the IIIb hemodynamic group, except for patients whose hemodynamic values range as follows: the ratio of general pulmonary to general peripheral resistance in more than 0.7; the ratio of pulmonary to systemic circulation is less than 1.5; the arteriovenous shunt is less than 25%, and the mean pulmonary artery pressure is above 75 mm Hg, and these hemodynamic values correspond with the morphological changes characteristic of stage IV-V after Heat-Edwards.

[Pulmonary hypertension in surgery of ventricular septal defects].

The article discusses the appraisal of the degree of pulmonary hypertension and surgery of a ventricular septal defect with pulmonary hypertension in 108 patients whose ages ranged from 8 months to 31 years. The hemodynamic and morphological manifestations of pulmonary hypertension were found to increase with age. The hemodynamic manifestations of the anomaly may be similar in different types of changes of the vascular wall.