Diagnostic accuracy of three computer-aided detection systems for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiography when used for screening: Analysis of an international, multicenter migrants screening study.

The aim of this study was to independently evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of three artificial intelligence (AI)-based computer aided detection (CAD) systems for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on global migrants screening chest x-ray (CXR) cases when compared against both microbiological and radiological reference standards (MRS and RadRS, respectively). Retrospective clinical data and CXR images were collected from the International Organization for Migration (IOM) pre-migration health assessment TB screening global database for US-bound migrants. A total of 2,812 participants were included in the dataset used for analysis against RadRS, of which 1,769 (62.

Infectious disease testing of UK-bound refugees: a population-based, cross-sectional study.

Background: The UK, like a number of other countries, has a refugee resettlement programme. External factors, such as higher prevalence of infectious diseases in the country of origin and circumstances of travel, are likely to increase the infectious disease risk of refugees, but published data is scarce. The International Organization for Migration carries out and collates data on standardised pre-entry health assessments (HA), including testing for infectious diseases, on all UK refugee applicants as part of the resettlement programme.

Influence of Sodium Selenite on the mRNA Expression of the Mammalian Selenocysteine-Containing Protein Genes in Testicle and Prostate Cancer Cells.

The sodium selenite concentration that reduces the viability of Du-145 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells and F-9 mouse testicular teratocarcinoma cells was determined. We investigated the effect of sodium selenite on the mRNA expression level of the genes encoding mammalian selenocysteine-containing glutathione peroxidases and thioredoxin reductases (key antioxidant enzymes involved in the regulation of intracellular thiol redox balance), endoplasmic reticulum selenoproteins, and selenoproteins located in the testes and prostate.

Impact of Enhanced Health Interventions for United States-Bound Refugees: Evaluating Best Practices in Migration Health.

With an unprecedented number of displaced persons worldwide, strategies for improving the health of migrating populations are critical. United States-bound refugees undergo a required overseas medical examination to identify inadmissible conditions (e.g.

Energetic, oxidative and ionic exchange in rat brain and liver mitochondria at experimental audiogenic epilepsy (Krushinsky-Molodkina model).

The role of brain and liver mitochondria at epileptic seizure was studied on Krushinsky-Molodkina (KM) rats which respond to sound with an intensive epileptic seizure (audiogenic epilepsy). We didn't find significant changes in respiration rats of brain and liver mitochondria of KM and control rats; however the efficiency of АТР synthesis in the KM rat mitochondria was 10% lower. In rats with audiogenic epilepsy the concentration of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde in mitochondria of the brain (but not liver) was 2-fold higher than that in the control rats.

[The effect of uridine on the endurance of animals with different resistance to physical stress: the role of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel].

The effect of a metabolic precursor of natural activator of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mitochondrial K+(ATP))--uridine on animal's endurance to physical stress was studied. The endurance was determined by recording the time period during which the rat loaded with a plummet of 20% of body weight can swim until physical exhaustion at 32 degrees C. It was found that highly resistant animals swam until exhaustion for 7.

Oxidative phosphorylation and ion transport in the mitochondria of two strains of rats varying in their resistance to stress and hypoxia.

The role of mitochondria in the inherited or ontogenetically acquired reactions of organism to stress is not studied enough. In the present work, we examined the functional state of the coupled respiratory chain, potassium and calcium transport and rate of hydrogen peroxide production on two rat lines: August and Wistar-which possess different resistance to emotional stress and hypoxia. It was established that the respiration rate and efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation were higher in August rats than in Wistar ones.

Presumptive treatment and medical screening for parasites in refugees resettling to the United States.

More than 50,000 refugees are resettled to the United States annually, many from areas highly endemic for parasites. Some of these infections present little clinical consequence after migration, but others are responsible for morbidity and mortality. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued predeparture presumptive treatment and postarrival medical guidelines for the management of parasites.

Activity of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel in animals with different resistance to hypoxia before and after the course of hypoxic training.

Activity of mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel in rats with high genetically determined resistance to hypoxia was higher than in sensitive animals. Adaptation of low resistant rats to hypoxia was accompanied by activation of the channel, facilitation of potassium recycling in mitochondria, and a decrease in the rate of H2O2 formation. Our results indicate that mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel plays an important role in the delayed mechanisms of animal's adaptation to hypoxia.

[Age-related changes in the functioning of the mitochondrial potassium-transporting system].

Changes in the rate of respiration and functioning of the ATP-dependent potassium channel the liver and heart mitochondria of one-, three-, eight-, and twenty four-month-old Wistar male rats have been investigated. It was shown that the activity of the channel in the mitochondria of both tissues in 24-months-old animals decreases more than three times, and the content of potassium, 1.5-2 times compared with young one-month-old rats.

Functioning of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel in rats varying in their resistance to hypoxia. Involvement of the channel in the process of animal's adaptation to hypoxia.

The mechanism of tissue protection from ischemic damage by activation of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent K(+) channel (mitoK(ATP)) remains unexplored. In this work, we have measured, using various approaches, the ATP-dependent mitochondrial K(+) transport in rats that differed in their resistance to hypoxia. The transport was found to be faster in the hypoxia-resistant rats as compared to that in the hypoxia-sensitive animals.

[A case of malignant germ-cell tumor with choriocarcinoma].

The authors describe a case of the malignant retroperitoneal germ-cell tumor in a 20-year-old male, which appears as several types of tissues that are derivatives of three germinal layers with the presence in its composition of choriocarcinoma, metastases of which to the vital organs were a cause of death.

Synthesis of zirconia-immobilized copper chelates for catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Chelating sorbents with diethylenetriaminepenta(methylene-phosphonic acid) (DTPMPA) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ligands immobilized on zirconia matrix were prepared and subsequently saturated with Cu(II). All the Cu chelates catalyzed decomposition of H(2)O(2) yielding highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. All of them were also able to catalyze degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[b]fluoranthene).

[Multifactor analysis of nodular goiter by the method of artificial neural network].

Study of 297 patients with preparative methods of nontoxic nodular goiter and cytological diagnose "adenomatosis" with the use of artificial neural network (ANN) were analyzed. Malignant pathology could be supposed with 95.5% accuracy when we applied experience of trained ANN.

[Cytological classification of nontoxic nodular goiter].

By comparing the cytological and histological data on thyroid nodular lesions in 715 patients, the authors have arrived at the conclusion that with a cytological response of colloidal goiter and colloidal goiter with adenomatosis, the cancer detection rate is not greater than 4%. With a cytological response of adenomatosis with atypia and follicular tumor, a malignancy occurs in 9 to 13%. It is recommended that cytological data should be grouped by the type of a morphological classification of thyroid nodular diseases: colloidal goiter (with regression, proliferation, adenomatosis, cystic cavity); tumors (adenomatosis with atypia, follicular tumor); cancer.

[Serum lipoproteins in different types of obesity in lipid loading challenge].

The impact of food fat load on plasmic lipid transport system (LTS) was studied in persons with abdominal and gluteofemoral obesity by the standard fat test proposed by J. Patsch. The lipoprotein spectrum in abdominally obese patients was characterized by high atherogenicity of lipoprotein spectrum on an empty stomach aggravating under fat intake: prolongation of postprandial lipemia up to 6 hours with growing apoB and apoB/A1.

[Lowering of antiatherogenic significance of high density lipoproteins in obese persons].

Protein and lipid components of blood serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) responsible for their functional activity were studied before and after fat load in subjects with normal body mass and various types of obesity. Subjects with abdominal obesity compared with those with gluteo-femoral obesity and normal body mass initially had pronounced disturbances in components of HDL and their acceptor capacity. Fat load caused changes of HDL composition in all study groups.

Low-density lipoprotein subfractions during abdominal and gluteofemoral obesity.

Subfractional spectrum of plasma low-density lipoproteins in people with normal body weight and patient with obesity was studied by gradient electrophoresis (3-12%) in polyacrylamide gel. Low-density lipoprotein subfractions in fasting patients with abdominal and gluteofemoral obesity were primarily presented by small particles (compared to people with normal body weight). The composition of low-density lipoprotein subfractions underwent most pronounced changes in patients with abdominal obesity after single fat load.

[An experimental substantiation of nitric-oxide containing gas flow in the treatment of eye traumas].

The hypothesis on the biostimulating effect of exogenous nitric oxide (NO) was made use of to develop a new method to stimulate the healing of wounds through treating them by a NO saturated gas flow. The above gas flow is generated by air-plasma unit "Plazon". The experimental and clinical studies confirmed that the NO-therapy is a highly effective treatment method for different lesions of the skin and soft tissues.

International Organization for Migration: experience on the need for medical evacuation of refugees during the Kosovo crisis in 1999.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) developed and implemented a three-month project entitled Priority Medical Screening of Kosovar Refugees in Macedonia, within the Humanitarian Evacuation Program (HEP) for Kosovar refugees from FR Yugoslavia, which was adopted in May 1999. The project was based on an agreement with the office of United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) and comprised the entry of registration data of refugees with medical condition (Priority Medical Database), and classification (Priority Medical Screening) and medical evacuation of refugees (Priority Medical Evacuation) in Macedonia. To realize the Priority Medical Screening project plan, IOM developed and set up a Medical Database linked to IOM/UNHCR HEP database, recruited and trained a four-member data entry team, worked out and set up a referral system for medical cases from the refugee camps, and established and staffed medical contact office for refugees in Skopje and Tetovo.

[Effects of gaseous flow containing nitric oxide on the eyeball structures (an experimental study)].

Nitric oxide is one of the main factors of intra- and intercellular regulation in the organism. Its vasodilating, antiaggregant, antithrombogenic, antibacterial, anticarcinogenic, and immunogenic effects are well known. It stimulates the reparative processes in soft tissue injuries.

Effect of beta-carotene supplementation on the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in stomach mucosa of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis.

Increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is known to be associated with cell proliferation and, very likely, with tumour promotion. This prompted us to study the activity of ODC in gastric mucosa of patients with chronic atrophic gastritis that has been considered as a precursor of stomach cancer. Examination of 124 patients with this disease revealed the considerable increase in ODC activity in atrophic mucosa (29.

[The von Willebrand factor antigen in systemic vasculitis].

ELISA was used to investigate concentrations of Willebrand's factor antigen (WF III Ag) in 131 patients with various forms of systemic vasculitis (SV) and 93 patients with cardiovascular diseases. Compared to donors, a mean WF III Ag level proved significantly higher in all nosological variants of SV except periarteritis nodosa. Skin livedo vasculitis did not produce noticeable deviations in WF III Ag levels versus those in donors, whereas atherosclerosis obliterans showed these levels to be significantly elevated.