An automatic variable laser power attenuator for continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers in cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy.

Cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy is an established and valuable technique for molecular elucidation in the gas phase. CIVP relies on tunable lasers, wherein among typical laser schemes, the application of mid-infrared continuous-wave quantum cascade laser (cw-QCL) is the most robust and elegant solution, as we have recently demonstrated. However, potential challenges arise from an inhomogeneous character across laser power tuning curves.

[Artificial ventilation in patients with stroke: main results of the Russian multicenter observational clinical trial RETAS].

Objective: To analyze the relationship between the characteristics of respiratory support (RS) for patients with stroke and clinical factors with the number and structure of complications, deaths, and length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and duration of artificial pulmonary ventilation (ALV).

Material And Methods: The Russian multicenter observational clinical study «Respiratory Therapy for Acute Stroke» (RETAS) that enrolled 1289 patients with stroke requiring RS was conducted under the auspices of the All-Russian public organization «Federation of Anesthesiologists and Resuscitators». Indications for ALV, the use of hyperventilation, the maximum level of positive end-expiratory pressure, starting modes of mechanical ventilation, timing of tracheostomy, the incidence of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) and infectious complications were analyzed.

Probing Electronic Effects in Tridentate Copper(I) Complexes by CIVP Spectroscopy.

Ligand electronic effects play an important role in catalysis, where small changes to ligand structure can bring about large changes in catalytic activity. Therefore, accurate experimental quantification of ligand electronic properties plays a crucial role in understanding and tuning chemical reactivity. In this work, we used cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy to experimentally quantify electronic effects in terpyridine ligands, as simple model systems, by measuring CIVP spectra of their copper complexes tagged by N molecules.

The Impact of Social Well-Being on Population Diet Nutritional Value and Antiradical Status.

The paper presents the result of assessing the antiradical status of consumers (in the context of Russia) in connection with their well-being. This approach is based on a multistage study, in which the results of sociological surveys were applied, as well as estimates of the antiradical potential (ARP) of diets obtained using neural networks, bootstrapping the chemical composition of diets, and calculating reference values using mathematical models. The paper presents data collected from residents living in the territories of at least 21 regions and cities of Russia: Magadan, Saint Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Voronezh, etc.

Estimating the Mass of Food Components Necessary for the Utilization of Free Radical Particles in the Human Body.

The article proposes an algorithm for an approximate assessment of the molar volume of free radicals generated in the human body per day. It takes into account the act of breathing, physical activity, food consumption, the influence of unfavorable environmental conditions, exposure to xenobiotics, as well as bad habits (alcohol and tobacco smoking). A calculation of the required set of the most commonly used food products for the disposal of free radicals was made.

[Nonimmunogenic staphylokinase in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke (FRIDA trial results)].

Aim Of The Study: To investigate the efficacy and safety of non-immunogenic staphylokinase (NS) compared with alteplase (A) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) within 4.5 h after symptom onset.

Material And Methods: 336 patients with IS within 4.

Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST).

The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos ν_{e} observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between ν_{e} and sterile neutrino (ν_{s}) states. A 3.414-MCi ^{51}Cr ν_{e} source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of ^{71}Ge through the charged current reaction, ^{71}Ga(ν_{e},e^{-})^{71}Ge, at two average distances.

Increasing Complexity in a Conformer Space Step-by-Step: Weighing London Dispersion against Cation-π Interactions.

We report an evaluation of the importance of London dispersion in moderately large (up to 36 heavy atoms) organic molecules by means of a molecular torsion balance whose conformations "weigh" one interaction against another in the absence of solvents. The experimental study, with gas-phase cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy, solid-state Fourier transfer infrared (FT-IR), and single-crystal X-ray crystallography, is accompanied by density functional theory calculations, including an extensive search and analysis of accessible conformations. We begin with the unsubstituted molecular torsion balance, and then step up the complexity systematically by adding alkyl groups incrementally as dispersion energy donors (DEDs) to achieve a degree of chemical complexity comparable to what is typically found in transition states for many regio- and stereoselective reactions in organic and organometallic chemistry.

Antiradical Potential of Food Products as a Comprehensive Measure of Their Quality.

Antiradical potential (ARP) is an important measure of food safety. In addition, it directly or indirectly affects the rate of occurrence of a number of human pathologies. Using a photocolorimetric analysis of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) solutions, we estimated the antiradical potential of food raw materials, food concentrates, biologically active substances, and wild plants.

[Russian multicenter observational clinical study «Register of respiratory therapy for patients with stroke (RETAS)»: a comparative analysis of the outcomes of stroke].

Objective: To analyze the treatment of patients with severe stroke requiring respiratory support, and identify predictors of death.

Material And Methods: A multicenter observational clinical study «REspiratory Therapy for Acute Stroke» (RETAS) was conducted under the aegis of the «Federation of Anaesthesiologists and Reanimatologists» (FAR). The study involved 14 clinical centers and included 1289 stroke patients with respiratory support.

Application of continuous wave quantum cascade laser in combination with CIVP spectroscopy for investigation of large organic and organometallic ions.

Rapidly developing mid-infrared quantum cascade laser (QCL) technology gives easy access to broadly tunable mid-IR laser radiation at a modest cost. Despite several applications of QCL in the industry, its usage for spectroscopic investigation of synthetically relevant organic compounds has been limited. Here, we report the application of an external cavity, continuous wave, mid-IR QCL to cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation spectroscopy to analyze a set of large organic molecules, organometallic complexes, and isotopically labeled compounds.

Bond Dissociation Energies in the Gas Phase for Large Molecular Ions by Threshold Collision-Induced Dissociation Experiments: Stretching the Limits.

Accurate bond dissociation energies for large molecules are difficult to obtain by either experimental or computational methods. The former methods are hampered by a range of physical and practical limitations in gas-phase measurement techniques, while the latter require incorporation of multiple approximations whose impact on accuracy may not always be clear. When internal benchmarks are not available, one hopes that experiment and theory can mutually support each other.

Perturbation of Pyridinium CIVP Spectra by N and H Tags: An Experimental and BOMD Study.

In cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy, the influence of the tag on the spectrum is an important consideration. Whereas for small ions several studies have shown that the tag effects can be significant, these effects are less understood for large ions or for large numbers of tags. Nevertheless, it is commonly assumed that if the investigated molecular ion is large enough, the perturbations arising from the tag are small and can therefore be neglected in the interpretation.

Cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy of a gas-phase molecular torsion balance to probe London dispersion forces in large molecules.

We report a gas-phase molecular torsion balance that uses a conformational equilibrium to "weigh" London dispersion against a competing cation-π interaction, for which the readout is the shift in an N-H stretching frequency measured by cryogenic ion vibrational predissociation (CIVP) spectroscopy of electrosprayed pyridinium cations in a Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance trap. While frequency calculations with DFT, within the harmonic approximation, assist in the interpretation of the spectra, the observed complex spectrum most likely comes from a Fermi resonance of the N-H stretch with otherwise "dark" overtones of in-plane C-H wagging modes, as argued on the basis of comparison of the spectrum to those for a range of related cations with systematically varied substitution. An equilibrium in favor of the asymmetric conformer would suggest that the dispersion-corrected DFT calculations tested in this work appear to overestimate significantly the stability of the compact conformations favored by London dispersion in the gas phase, which would then pertain to the use of dispersion energy donors in the design of stereoselective reactions.

[Hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in premature newborns].

One of the main causes of cerebral dysfunction in premature newborns is hypoxia. High mortality and lifelong morbidity in these children is a frequent result of neonatal hypoxic brain damage. The article presents some data on the prevalence of neurological diseases that have arisen in the perinatal period, and highlights the key etiological factors leading to hypoxia in both the intranatal and early postnatal periods.

[An analysis of outcomes in respiratory therapy in patients with acute stroke].

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical ventilation in patients with stroke.

Material And Methods: A retrospective analysis of 520 patients with acute cerebrovascular diseases requiring mechanical lung ventilation was performed.

Results And Conclusion: In 44,6% of cases, the reason for transferring patients to mechanical ventilation was a worsening of neurological status; 69,1% of patients underwent prolonged respiratory support for a period of 3 days to 2 weeks.

[An effect of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with cerebrovascular disorders on the in-hospital transportation].

In-hospital transportation of 76 patients with cerebrovascular disorders, including those in the first postoperative day, was performed. Two cerebral hemodynamic measurements were carried out five minutes before and immediately after transportation using transcranial Doppler sonography. Significant changes in cerebral blood flow in the operated patients were shown.

A simplified ATP method for the rapid control of cell viability in a freeze-dried BCG vaccine.

We propose a simple and cost-effective ATP method for controlling the specific activity of a freeze-dried BCG vaccine. A freeze-dried BCG vaccine is reconstituted with 1ml saline and incubated for 15min at room temperature and then for 1h at 37°C. The vaccine is then treated with apyrase to remove extracellular ATP.

[Effects of body positioning in patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages].

The article presents an analysis of different methods of positioning patients with acute cerebral pathology. Changing of 'head-of-the bed' position is a routine and simple method of correction of intracranial hypertension. For the majority of patients with cerebral damage, regardless of the etiological factor, 15-30° 'head - of - the bed' position is preferable.

[EFFECT OF NEONATAL RESPIRATORY SUPPORT STRATEGIES IN THE ICU].

This review deals with the current trends in protective ventilation in newborns. Volumotrauma is the most common variant of ventilator-induced lung injury. The modern research is devoted to the study of biotrauma, which is the release of inflammatory mediators in response to mechanical ventilation.

[Modeling the dynamics of the effective population size of the Okhotsk Sea pollock in the Holocene era on the basis of genetic variability in the Nd2 and Cytb mtDNA loci].

We used Bayesian statistics to investigate the demographic history of the walleye pollock in the sea of Okhotks based on polymorphisms of sequences of the Nd2 and Cytb mitochondrial genes. We determined the average age for the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) as 44.1 ± 2 and 52.

[THROMBOLYTIC THERAPY OF ACUTE VASCULAR DISEASES IN IRKUTSK REGION].

Cardiovascular diseases rank first as the cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability. This paper concerns evolution of thrombolytic therapy for acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke in the Irkutsk region characterized by low population density.

[The relaxation time anisotropy as a method of assessment of physico-chemical activity of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute stroke].

Objective: To study the anisotropy relaxation time of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in acute disorders of cerebral circulation compared by analyzing the kinetics of anisotropy relaxation of the dye «rhodamine 6G».

Material And Methods: The study of the samples was performed using a laser confocal fluorescence microscope MicroTime 200 («PicoQuant GmbH»). Authors used a laser operating at a wavelength of 470 nm with a time resolution of 8 PS with a pulse frequency of 10 MHz.

[Non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure].

This manuscript presents an analysis of different intracranial pressure (ICP) non-invasive monitoring devices. External ventricular drainage still remains a "gold standard" оf neuromonitoring, but this manipulation can be not always feasible, because of contra-indications or absence of neurosurgery in this hospital. Also there is a risk of development infections or hemorrhage.

[Influence of body position on intracranial pressure and cerebral hemodynamic in non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages].

Objective: Patient's body position is one of the most important principles of intensive therapy of intracranial hypertension syndrome. It is considered that the provision of the head end of a bed of 15-30 degrees is preferable for the majority of patients with cerebral pathology. We studied hemodynamic parameters at various tilt angles of the body in patients with non-traumatic intracranial hemorrhages.