Measurement-oriented deep-learning workflow for improved segmentation of myelin and axons in high-resolution images of human cerebral white matter.

Background: Standard segmentation of high-contrast electron micrographs (EM) identifies myelin accurately but does not translate easily into measurements of individual axons and their myelin, even in cross-sections of parallel fibers. We describe automated segmentation and measurement of each myelinated axon and its sheath in EMs of arbitrarily oriented human white matter from autopsies.

New Methods: Preliminary segmentation of myelin, axons and background by machine learning, using selected filters, precedes automated correction of systematic errors.

Reliable and durable Golgi staining of brain tissue from human autopsies and experimental animals.

Background: Golgi stains are notoriously capricious, particularly when applied to human brain. The well-known difficulties, which include complete failure of impregnation, patchy staining, unstable staining, and extensive crystalline deposits in superficial sections, have discouraged many from attempting to use these techniques. A reliable method that produces uniform impregnation in tissue from human autopsies and experimental animals is needed.

Air gun injury with deadly aftermath--case report.

In Republic of Macedonia the use of air guns is quite widespread. They are used mainly for target practice. They are regulated by the Law of Arms, where they are defined as pneumatic weapons.