Stone-induced urethral fistula treatment with microfragmented adipose tissue containing mesenchymal stem cells: a case report from veterinary medicine with potential application in humans.

We report on a case of a two-year-old male dog, breed chow-chow, who suffered from urethral fistula as a result of ureterolithiasis. The urethral defect was identified intraoperatively with methylene blue. An autologous regenerative approach was combined with surgical closure of the defect, due to the well-known healing issues of the urethral wall in such conditions.

Identification and validation of putative biomarkers by in silico analysis, mRNA expression and oxidative stress indicators for negative energy balance in buffaloes during transition period.

Objective: Transition period is considered from 3 weeks prepartum to 3 weeks postpartum, characterized with dramatic events (endocrine, metabolic, and physiological) leading to occurrence of production diseases (negative energy balance/ketosis, milk fever etc). The objectives of our study were to analyze the periodic concentration of serum beta-hydroxy butyric acid (BHBA), glucose and oxidative markers along with identification, and validation of the putative markers of negative energy balance in buffaloes using in-silico and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay.

Methods: Out of 20 potential markers of ketosis identified by in-silico analysis, two were selected and analyzed by qRT-PCR technique (upregulated; acetyl serotonin o-methyl transferase like and down regulated; guanylate cyclase activator 1B).

Origin of Decomposition in a Family of Molybdenum Precursor Compounds.

The bis(-butylimido)-molybdenum(VI) framework has been used successfully in the design of vapor-phase precursors for molybdenum-containing thin films, so understanding its thermal behavior is important for such applications. Here, we report the thermal decomposition mechanism for a series of volatile bis(alkylimido)-dichloromolybdenum(VI) adducts with neutral ,'-chelating ligands, to probe the stability and decomposition pathways for these molecules. The alkyl groups explored were -butyl, -pentyl, 1-adamantyl, and a cyclic imido (from 2,5-dimethylhexane-2,5-diamine).

Atomic layer deposition of PbCl, PbBr and mixed lead halide (Cl, Br, I) PbXY thin films.

Atomic layer deposition offers outstanding film uniformity and conformality on substrates with high aspect ratio features. These qualities are essential for mixed-halide perovskite films applied in tandem solar cells, transistors and light-emitting diodes. The optical and electronic properties of mixed-halide perovskites can be adjusted by adjusting the ratios of different halides.

Thermal Stability and Decomposition Pathways in Volatile Molybdenum(VI) Bis-imides.

The vapor deposition of many molybdenum-containing films relies on the delivery of volatile compounds with the general bis(butylimido)molybdenum(VI) framework, both in atomic layer deposition and chemical vapor deposition. We have prepared a series of (BuN)MoCl adducts using neutral ,'-chelates and investigated their volatility, thermal stability, and decomposition pathways. Volatility has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis, with the 1,4-di--butyl-1,3-diazabutadiene adduct () found to be the most volatile (1 Torr of vapor pressure at 135 °C).

Synthesis, Characterization, and Thermal Study of Divalent Germanium, Tin, and Lead Triazenides as Potential Vapor Deposition Precursors.

Only a few M-N bonded divalent group 14 precursors are available for vapor deposition, in particular for Ge and Pb. A majority of the reported precursors are dicoordinated with the Sn(II) amidinates, the only tetracoordinated examples. No Ge(II) and Pb(II) amidinates suitable for vapor deposition have been demonstrated.

A Rare Low-Spin Co Bis(β-silyldiamide) with High Thermal Stability: Steric Enforcement of a Doublet Configuration.

Attempted preparation of a chelated Co β-silylamide resulted in the unprecedented disproportionation to Co and a spirocyclic cobalt(IV) bis(β-silyldiamide): [Co[(N Bu) SiMe ] ] (1). Compound 1 exhibited a room-temperature magnetic moment of 1.8 B.

Volatile and Thermally Stable Polymeric Tin Trifluoroacetates.

Tin trifluoroacetates are effective vapor phase single-source precursors for F-doped SnO, but their structures have been poorly understood for decades. Here we undertook a comprehensive structural analysis of these compounds in both the solid and gas phases through a combined single-crystal X-ray crystallography, gas phase electron diffraction, and density functional theory investigation. Tin(II) bis(trifluoroacetate) () thermally decomposes into a 1:1 mixture of and ditin(II) μ-oxybis(μ-trifluoroacetate) () during sublimation, which then polymerize into hexatin(II)-di-μ-oxyoctakis(μ-trifluoroacetate) () upon solidification.

Designing Stability into Thermally Reactive Plumbylenes.

Lead analogues of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHPbs) are the least understood members of this increasingly important class of compounds. Here we report the design, preparation, isolation, structure, volatility, and decomposition pathways of a novel aliphatic NHPb: rac- N , N -di- tert-butylbutane-2,3-diamido lead(II) (1Pb). The large steric bulk of the tert-butylamido moieties and rac-butane backbone successfully hinder redox decomposition pathways observed for diamidoethylene and -ethane backbone analogues, pushing the onset of thermal decomposition from below 0 °C to above 150 °C.

In vivo EPR pharmacokinetic evaluation of the redox status and the blood brain barrier permeability in the SOD1 ALS rat model.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder affecting the motor pathways of the central nervous system. Although a number of pathophysiological mechanisms have been described in the disease, post mortem and animal model studies indicate blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and elevated production of reactive oxygen species as major contributors to disease pathology. In this study, the BBB permeability and the brain tissue redox status of the SOD1 ALS rat model in the presymptomatic (preALS) and symptomatic (ALS) stages of the disease were investigated by in vivo EPR spectroscopy using three aminoxyl radicals with different cell membrane and BBB permeabilities, Tempol, 3-carbamoyl proxyl (3CP), and 3-carboxy proxyl (3CxP).

Imaging Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced Modifications in Living Systems.

Significance: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) may regulate signaling, ion channels, transcription factors, and biosynthetic processes. ROS-related diseases can be due to either a shortage or an excess of ROS.

Recent Advances: Since the biological activity of ROS depends on not only concentration but also spatiotemporal distribution, real-time imaging of ROS, possibly in vivo, has become a need for scientists, with potential for clinical translation.

Iron-sulfur cluster damage by the superoxide radical in neural tissues of the SOD1(G93A) ALS rat model.

Extensive clinical investigations, in hand with biochemical and biophysical research, have associated brain iron accumulation with the pathogenesis of the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) disease. The origin of iron is still not identified, but it is proposed that it forms redox active complexes that can participate in the Fenton reaction generating the toxic hydroxyl radical. In this paper, the state of iron in the neural tissues isolated from SOD1(G93A) transgenic rats was investigated using low temperature EPR spectroscopy and is compared with that of nontransgenic (NTg) littermates.

Investigation of the binding of cis/trans-[MCl4(1H-indazole)(NO)](-) (M = Ru, Os) complexes to human serum albumin.

Overall binding affinity of sodium or indazolium cis/trans-[MCl4(1H-indazole)(NO)] (M = Ru, Os) complexes towards human serum albumin (HSA) and high molecular mass components of the blood serum was monitored by ultrafiltration. HSA was found to be mainly responsible for the binding of the studied ruthenium and osmium complexes. In other words, this protein can provide a depot for the compounds and can affect their biodistribution and transport processes.

In vivo evaluation of different alterations of redox status by studying pharmacokinetics of nitroxides using magnetic resonance techniques.

Free radicals, particularly reactive oxygen species (ROS), are involved in various pathologies, injuries related to radiation, ischemia-reperfusion or ageing. Unfortunately, it is virtually impossible to directly detect free radicals in vivo, but the redox status of the whole organism or particular organ can be studied in vivo by using magnetic resonance techniques (EPR and MRI) and paramagnetic stable free radicals - nitroxides. Here we review results obtained in vivo following the pharmacokinetics of nitroxides on experimental animals (and a few in humans) under various conditions.

Myopathy, muscle atrophy and tongue lipid composition in MuSK myasthenia gravis.

Myasthenia gravis (MG) associated with anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) antibodies differs in many aspects from typical presentation of acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-positive MG. Myopathy and muscle atrophy are observed in MuSK-positive MG patients, unlike AChR-positive patients with MG. That is why the aim of this study was to assess the presence of myopathy and muscle atrophy as well as the tongue lipid composition in our cohort of MuSK-positive MG patients.

Binding of doxyl stearic spin labels to human serum albumin: an EPR study.

The binding of spin-labeled fatty acids (SLFAs) to the human serum albumin (HSA) examined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was studied to evaluate the potential of the HSA/SLFA/EPR technique as a biomarking tool for cancer. A comparative study was performed on two spin labels with nitroxide groups attached at opposite ends of the fatty acid (FA) chain, 5-doxyl stearic (5-DS) and 16-doxyl stearic (16-DS) acid. The effects of incubation time, different [SLFA]/[HSA] molar ratios, ethanol, and temperature showed that the position of the nitroxide group produces certain differences in binding between the two SLFAs.

Mathematical model of neuronal morphology: prenatal development of the human dentate nucleus.

The aim of the study was to quantify the morphological changes of the human dentate nucleus during prenatal development using mathematical models that take into account main morphometric parameters. The camera lucida drawings of Golgi impregnated neurons taken from human fetuses of gestational ages ranging from 14 to 41 weeks were analyzed. Four morphometric parameters, the size of the neuron, the dendritic complexity, maximum dendritic density, and the position of maximum density, were obtained using the modified Scholl method and fractal analysis.

Radiation protection from whole-body gamma irradiation (6.7 Gy): behavioural effects and brain protein-level changes by an aminothiol compound GL2011 in the Wistar rat.

GL2011 is a naturally occurring thiol compound and a series of thiol compounds have been proposed as radioprotectors. Radioprotective efficacy of a triple intraperitoneal dose of GL2011 of 100 mg/kg body weight of Wistar rats, 30 min prior to and 3 and 6 h following irradiation (6.7 Gy) was evaluated.

Increased survival after irradiation followed by regeneration of bone marrow stromal cells with a novel thiol-based radioprotector.

Aim: To investigate the survival of laboratory rats after irradiation and to study the cellularity of their bone marrow and the multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in groups treated with or without a new thiol-based radioprotector (GM2011).

Methods: Animals were irradiated by a Cobalt gamma source at 6.7 Gy.

Brain iron MRI: a biomarker for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of MRI detection of hypointensity areas (iron deposits) in the brain using a dedicated MRI technique in patients with ALS in establishing this sign as a potential surrogate biomarker that correlates with the severity of disease.

Materials And Methods: Forty-six ALS patients and 26 age-matched controls were examined by MRI. The ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS) score was determined before the first MRI examination.

Raman microspectroscopy as a biomarking tool for in vitro diagnosis of cancer: a feasibility study.

Aim: To elucidate whether Raman spectroscopy aided by extensive spectral database and neural network analysis can be a fast and confident biomarking tool for the diagnosis of various types of cancer.

Methods: Study included 27 patients with 11 different malignant tumors. Using Raman microscopy (RM) a total of 540 Raman spectra were recorded from histology specimens of both tumors and surrounding healthy tissues.

Distribution of natural radionuclides in surface soils in the vicinity of abandoned uranium mines in Serbia.

The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in soils from the area affected by uranium mining at Stara Planina Mountain in Serbia were studied and compared with the results obtained from an area with no mining activities (background area). In the affected area, the activity concentrations ranged from 1.75 to 19.

In vivo morphological changes in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's-like disease: MRI approach.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the only noninvasive technique that provides structural information on both cell loss and metabolic changes. After reviewing all the results obtained in clinical studies, reliable biomarkers in neurological diseases are still lacking. Diffusional MRI, MR spectroscopy, and the assessment of regional atrophy are promising approaches, but they cannot be simultaneously used on a single patient.