[Clinico-electrophysiological characteristics of women--heterozygote carriers of fragile X chromosome].

Overall 21 women, heterozygous carriers of fragile X-chromosome (7 cases of obligate carriership and 14 sporadic cases) were examined by electroencephalography and cytogenetically. In none of them the clinical examination revealed a typical somatic appearance characteristic of Martin-Bell syndrome. Certain somatic disorders, psychasthenic traits, tearfulness and uncommunicativeness were recorded in single cases.

[Clinical and cytogenetic diagnosis of Martin-Bell syndrome].

A total of 368 patients aged 1 year 11 months to 35 years with oligophrenia were examined cytogenetically. Out of 58 boys with a typical disease picture, the fragile X chromosome (fra-X) was revealed in 57. In all the cases, the syndrome could be diagnosed clinically before chromosomal analysis was made.

[Hyperplasia of the adrenergic nerve fibers of the vessels and myocardium in rats with spontaneous hypertension].

Adrenergic innervation of the myocardium vessels was morphometrically studied in 4-, 8-, 12- and 20-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The increase of cardiac adrenergic nerves was found in the early period of persistent hypertension (in 12-week-old SHR). In the vessels this increase was more pronounced and started earlier, at prehypertensive stage (in 4-week-old SHR).

[Morphological characteristics of the secretion of natriuretic factor by atrial cardiomyocytes in spontaneous hypertension in rats].

The results of electron microscopic studies of the synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in right atrial cardiomyocytes of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the corresponding normotensive controls are presented. Enhanced secretory activity in cardiomyocytes of SHR has been revealed. The role of enhanced ANF secretion in the origin of arterial hypertension is discussed.

[The enzyme spectrum of the peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with nonspecific lung diseases].

The data on the activity of the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism in peripheral blood lymphocytes point to essential disorders within the system of detoxification in patients with bronchopulmonary pathology. The necessity of cultivating cells with mitogens before measurement of the activity of the enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism of the first phase (cytochrome P-450, cytochrome C-reductase) for more precise measurement and reproducibility of the results is discussed. Study of the activity of cytosol enzymes of the second phase (glutathione-S-transferase, sulfotransferase) does not require preliminary cell cultivation.

[Morphological data on the increased functional activity of mast cells in spontaneous hypertension in the rat].

Fluorescent microscopy and morphometric study of mast cells of the dura mater in spontaneously hypertensive rats have shown the increased number of mast cells and the proportion of mature secreting forms as compared to the similar indicators in normotensive animals. This fact is regarded as reflecting hyperfunction of all the mast cell population during this type of arterial hypertension. The relationships between mast cells and arterial pressure control are discussed.

[New methods of identifying chromosomes].

The data are considered on the possibility to identify chromosome after differential inhibition of their spiralization when staining the preparations with acrichin derivatives with the subsequent application of fluorescent microscopy as well as with staining by Giemza after treatment of the preparations with hot salt solutions, alkalies or proteolytic enzymes. Materials of the Paris Conference on the human chromosome nomenclature 1971 are described briefly and recommendations of the Committee on standardization of the mice genetic nomenclature are given.

[Characteristics of the islet apparatus of the pancreas in rats with genetic spontaneous hypertension].

In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at the age of 7-9 weeks a poor development of the beta-cellular part of the islet-cell tissue was found, as compared to normotensive Wistar rats of the same age (a lower number of beta-cellular islets, decreased mass of the islet-cell tissue). With glucose load in SHR hyperglycemia was more distinct and longer lasting, which indicates the development of insulin insufficiency in them, in a situation demanding forced insulin incretion. A histochemical examination proved a reduction of the insulin content in the islet-cells of these animals, as compared with the control ones.