Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Determine the Reproductive Health of Ladakhi Women Residing at 3,500 m.

Shaw, Snigdha, Himashree Gidugu, Gopinath Bhaumik, Maramreddy Prasanna Kumar Reddy, Usha Panjwani, and Dishari Ghosh. Anti-Mullerian hormone and macrophage migration inhibitory factor determine the reproductive health of Ladakhi women residing at 3,500 m. .

Estrogen receptor (ESR1 and ESR2)-mediated activation of eNOS-NO-cGMP pathway facilitates high altitude acclimatization.

Higher levels of circulatory nitric oxide (NO) and NO metabolites reportedly facilitate high altitude acclimatization. But the underlying factors and molecular pathways promoting NO production at high altitude has been poorly characterized. Studying healthy lowlanders at sea level (C, lowlander) and high altitude (3500 m, after day 1, 4 and 7 of ascent), we report higher protein levels of eNOS and eNOS, higher plasma levels of BH, NOx (nitrate and nitrites), cGMP and lower levels of endogenous eNOS inhibitor ADMA during healthy high altitude acclimatization.

Alterations of estrous cycle, 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and progesterone synthesis in female rats after exposure to hypobaric hypoxia.

The underlying mechanism regulating hypoxia induced alteration in female steroid hormones is first time explored in this study. To understand the mechanistic approach, female Sprague- Dawley rats were exposed to acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia (282 mm-Hg, ~7620 m, 6 hours, 3 and 7 days). Estrous cycle, body weight, plasma progesterone and estradiol levels, morphology, histology and two key steroidogenic enzymes: 3ß hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) and 17ß HSD activity of ovary and adrenal gland were studied.

Intermittent normobaric hypoxia facilitates high altitude acclimatization by curtailing hypoxia-induced inflammation and dyslipidemia.

Intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) is a discrete cost-effective method for improving athletic performance and high altitude acclimatization. Unfortunately, IHT protocols widely vary in terms of hypoxia severity, duration, and number of cycles affecting physiological outcomes. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of a moderate normobaric IHT protocol (12% FiO for 4 h, 4 days) on acclimatization to high altitude (3250 m).

Plasma kallikrein-bradykinin pathway promotes circulatory nitric oxide metabolite availability during hypoxia.

Nitric oxide (NO) is an indispensible signalling molecule under hypoxic environment for both ethnic high altitude natives as well as lowland residents at high altitude. Several studies have reported higher levels of NO and bioactive NO products for both high altitude natives as well as healthy high altitude sojourners. But the metabolic pathways regulating the formation of NO and associated metabolites during hypoxia still remain elusive.

Maximum exercise responses of men and women mountaineering trainees on induction to high altitude (4350 m) by trekking.

Objective: Maximum aerobic capacity decreases at high altitude. This study was conducted to compare the changes in maximum aerobic capacity in men and women mountaineering trainees on induction to high altitude at 4350 m by trekking.

Methods: Eight men and 8 women mountaineering trainees in a mountaineering course were selected for the study.

Hypoxic ventilatory response changes of men and women 6 to 7 days after climbing from 2100 m to 4350 m altitude and after descent.

To test the hypothesis that the changes in hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) of men and women mountaineers on induction to HA by trekking is not influenced by gender, isocapnic HVR as DeltaV(E)/DeltaSa(O2) was studied in eight men and eight women mountaineering trainees initially at 2100 m, then during 6 to 7 days of sojourn at 4350 m, and retested again on return to 2100 m. Results indicated that HVR at 2100 m increased significantly at 4350 m in both sexes, and the values reverted to baseline level within 4 to 5 days between leaving high altitude (4350 m) and restudy at 2100 m. No sex differences were observed at 2100- or at 4350-m altitude, indicating that men and women have a similar level of chemosensitive response as measured by HVR during induction to HA.