Correlating the Optical Coherence Tomography Patterns and Biomarkers of Diabetic Macular Edema with Hemoglobin Level in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Purpose: To correlate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) based morphological patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) and prognostic biomarkers with severity of anaemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD).

Patients And Methods: Single centre, observational cross sectional study of 42 eyes of 42 patients with DME and DKD. Eyes were divided into 2 groups: Group A (Haemoglobin level above 10 g% and group B with haemoglobin less than 10 g%).

Baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal performance on the symbol digit modalities test in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Cognitive impairment occurs frequently in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) at some point in the course of the disease. However, not all PwMS develop cognitive difficulties suggesting a role for important moderating factors. We examined baseline predictors of cross-sectional and longitudinal change in cognitive performance in PwMS.

Outcomes of Covid-19 Vaccine-Associated Glomerular Diseases (CVAGD) - A Case Series from India.

Background: Several cases of glomerular diseases following Covid-19 vaccination, especially mRNA vaccines, have been reported. However, there is little data on glomerular diseases associated with the two vaccines widely available in India (Covaxin and Covishield) and their long-term outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted between May 2021 and May 2023.

Impacts of Whole-Grain Soft Red, Whole-Grain Soft White, and Refined Soft White Wheat Flour Crackers on Gastrointestinal Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota of Adult Humans.

Consumption of whole-grain wheat has been associated with positive health outcomes, but it remains unclear whether different types of wheat elicit varying effects on the gut microbiome and intestinal inflammation. The objectives of this research were to investigate the effect of two whole-grain wheat flours versus refined wheat flour on the diversity of the human gut microbiota, as well as on butyrate production capacity and gastrointestinal inflammation, using one-week dietary interventions. For this study, 28 participants were recruited, with ages ranging from 18 to 55 years and a mean BMI of 26.

Progression of macular retinoschisis following intravitreal aflibercept injection for myopic macular neovascularization-a case report and review of literature.

Background: Macular retinoschisis (MRS) and myopic macular neovascularization (mMNV) are both potentially blinding complications of high myopia. In this case report, we highlight the progression of MRS after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment for mMNV, as well as an extensive review of the literature on this topic.

Case Description: A 49-year-old woman presented with two weeks of recent onset blurring and metamorphopsia in her right eye.

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use and Glomerular Disease: A Contemporary Case Series.

Rationale & Objective: Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) intake is widely prevalent in many parts of India. Heavy metals are known ingredients in some of these formulations. We studied the spectrum of glomerular diseases in patients using CAM.

Correlation Between Heart Rate Variability and Agility Scores of Elite Badminton Players: A Pilot Study.

Introduction Heart rate variability (HRV) indexes the autonomic nervous system, and HRV values are found to be higher in elite badminton players. Since an athlete's agility has a direct influence on badminton sporting performance, this study will analyze the correlation between HRV and agility. Aim The study's primary aim is to analyze the correlation between HRV and agility scores of elite badminton players.

A Pilot Study on the Safety and Adequacy of a Novel Ecofriendly Hemodialysis Prescription-Green Nephrology.

Introduction: Hemodialysis (HD) units require large quantities of water. To reduce water consumption without compromising the adequacy and safety of dialysis, we studied a novel HD prescription with high temperature and low flow dialysate.

Methods: This was a single-center nonrandomized open-label cross-over pilot trial in patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance HD.

SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence and Humoral Response to Vaccination in Patients Undergoing Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant mortality and morbidity worldwide. Patients of chronic kidney disease who are on maintenance hemodialysis represent a vulnerable population cohort that is susceptible to severe disease. Hence, it is of utmost importance to prioritize vaccination in this population and to assess their response to said vaccination.

Community-acquired acute kidney injury in India: data from ISN-acute kidney injury registry.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI), particularly community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI), is a major health concern globally. The International Society of Nephrology's "0 by 25" initiative to reduce preventable deaths from AKI to zero by 2025 is not achievable in low and middle income countries, such as India, possibly due to a lack of data and measures to tackle this urgent public health issue. In India, CA-AKI predisposes younger patients to hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality.

Recommendations for initial diabetic retinopathy screening of diabetic patients using large language model-based artificial intelligence in real-life case scenarios.

Purpose: To study the role of artificial intelligence (AI) to identify key risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening and develop recommendations based on clinician and large language model (LLM) based AI platform opinions for newly detected diabetes mellitus (DM) cases.

Methods: Five clinicians and three AI applications were given 20 AI-generated hypothetical case scenarios to assess DR screening timing. We calculated inter-rater agreements between clinicians, AI-platforms, and the "majority clinician response" (defined as the maximum number of identical responses provided by the clinicians) and "majority AI-platform" (defined as the maximum number of identical responses among the 3 distinct AI).

Indian TrANslational GlomerulonephrItis BioLogy nEtwork (I-TANGIBLE): Design and Methods.

Background And Aim: Primary glomerular disease accounts for one-sixth of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) in India. We remain limited in our ability to effectively treat these conditions because of lack of understanding of the disease mechanisms and lack of predictors to identify the clinical course and therapeutic responsiveness. We propose to develop a network of investigators in glomerular diseases, collect information in a systematic fashion to understand the clinical outcomes, answer translational research questions better, and identify and recruit patients for clinical trials.

Acute Kidney Injury Complicating Severe Acute Pancreatitis: Clinical Profile and Factors Predicting Mortality.

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) among the critically ill. We studied clinical profile and risk factors predicting mortality in SAP-AKI.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a prospective observational study of 68 patients with SAP-AKI from September 2015 to September 2019.

Obstacles to Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Pruritus in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Current Perspectives.

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a common condition amongst patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several studies have confirmed that more than four out of ten early-stage CKD patients suffer from this condition, while its prevalence among CKD patients on dialysis reaches up to seven out of ten. It is noted to be associated with other disabling symptoms and serious outcomes.

Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Introduction: Infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) is associated with glomerular immune complex deposition along with complement activation. Steroids may attenuate glomerular injury and thereby improve renal outcomes.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients who had biopsy-proven IRGN and serum creatinine greater than 1.

Clinical Outcome of Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy-A Single Centre Study.

Introduction: Idiopathic Membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most common causes of adult onset nephrotic syndrome worldwide. About 50% will slowly progress to renal failure if untreated.

Methods: We did a retrospective study in patients with Idiopathic membranous nephropathy who were on follow-up between 2016-2018 at Madras medical college, Chennai.

Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis.

Introduction: Several months into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there remains a paucity of data on the behavior of the disease in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). Here, we describe the clinical presentations, biochemical profile, and outcomes of 183 such patients from a large tertiary-care center in South India.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, observational study, included all patients with COVID-19 and ESKD who received at least one session of hemodialysis at our center, from the start of the outbreak to July 9, 2020.

A clarion call for follow-up of acute kidney injury survivors: perspective from a developing country.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with long term adverse renal outcomes. Since AKI is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD), follow up of AKI survivors assumes significance. Currently, follow up rates of AKI survivors are poor.

The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study: baseline characteristics.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a lack of information on epidemiology and progression of CKD in low-middle income countries. The Indian Chronic Kidney Disease (ICKD) study aims to identify factors that associate with CKD progression, and development of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Indian patients with CKD.

'Snapshot' of an annual data from a large South Indian Renal Biopsy Registry.

Results from biopsy registries are important to know about the prevalence of renal diseases. In large studies done over several years, significant interobserver variability could have existed. Single-year biopsy registry data are analyzed in this study.

Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology in India: What Do We Know and Where We Need to Go.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) not associated with known risk factors has been reported from parts of India and is presumed to be similar to CKD of unknown etiology (CKDu) that has been described from Central America. The reports from India have been fragmented without clear description of the disease phenotype or its determinants. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge around CKDu in India based on a review of literature, multi-stakeholder consultation, and a survey of Indian nephrologists.

Prescription Practices in Patients With Mild to Moderate CKD in India.

Introduction: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) require multiple medications. There is no information on prescription patterns or the use of evidence-based therapies for management of CKD from low-middle-income countries. Using baseline data from the Indian CKD (ICKD) cohort, we describe the drug prescription practices in patients with mild to moderate CKD.