Tissue engineering of human knee meniscus using functionalized and reinforced silk-polyvinyl alcohol composite three-dimensional scaffolds: Understanding the in vitro and in vivo behavior.

Tissue engineered constructs with rapid restoration of mechanical and biological properties remain a challenge, emphasizing the need to develop novel scaffolds. Here, we present a multicomponent composite three-dimensional scaffold structure with biomimetic reinforcement and biomolecule functionalization for meniscus tissue engineering. The scaffold structure was developed using 3:1 silk fibroin (SF) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).