Retromandibular Approach and its Different Variations in the Management of Fracture Condyle: Surgical Experience.

The management of condylar fractures is a controversial topic in maxillofacial surgery. Surgical treatment is the preferred treatment choice nowadays and the article aims to describe different variations of the retromandibular approach with their surgical outcome based on experience. A total of 15 cases were managed with the retromandibular approach and its different variations.

A rare case of toxocariasis presenting with hypereosinophilic pericardial effusion and mycotic aneurysm.

Parasitic infections are the leading cause of hypereosinophilia in the paediatric population in tropical countries. We report an unusual case of infection in an eight-year-old boy who presented with intermittent fever, hypereosinophilia complicated by massive pericardial effusion and a mycotic aneurysm. This child received treatment with four weeks of albendazole and steroids.

Application of Navigation Surgery in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis Case and Review of Literature.

The aim of this article is to develop a navigation-guided oral and maxillofacial surgery including surgical planning, simulation and navigation in temporomandibular joint ankylosis case practiced in tertiary care hospital. After getting the computed tomographic angiography of head and neck, the special software of Brain lab is used to mark the arteries and veins of the patient, which was in close approximation to the mandibular condyle. Brain lab navigation system was used during the surgery to ascertain the middle meningeal artery location, and osteotomy cut was given.

Rab GTPases: Emerging Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressive Regulators for the Editing of Survival Pathways in Cancer.

The Rab GTPase family of proteins are mediators of membrane trafficking, conferring identity to the cell membranes. Recently, Rab and Rab-associated factors have been recognized as major regulators of the intracellular positioning and activity of signaling pathways regulating cell growth, survival and programmed cell death or apoptosis. Membrane trafficking mediated by Rab proteins is controlled by intracellular localization of Rab proteins, Rab-membrane interactions and GTP-activation processes.

Pertussis clinical case definition: Time for change in developing countries?

Background: Developing countries still struggle with late detection and mortality from pertussis. A review of clinical case definitions is necessary for early disease detection. This paper aimed to study possible clinical characteristics for earlier pertussis detection in a sporadic setting.

Alcohol Use and Experiences of Partner Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India.

This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence and context of violence by sexual partners against female sex workers (FSWs, N = 589) in Andhra Pradesh and its association with alcohol use by FSWs and abusive partners. In all, 84% of FSWs reported alcohol use; 65% reported lifetime physical abuse by a sexual partner. Most abused women suffered abuse from multiple partners, often triggered by inebriation or FSW's defiance.

Backward Planning a Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Curriculum for the Surgical Workforce in Low-Resource Settings.

Background: Trauma is a significant contributor to global disease, and low-income countries disproportionately shoulder this burden. Education and training are critical components in the effort to address the surgical workforce shortage. Educators can tailor training to a diverse background of health professionals in low-resource settings using competency-based curricula.

Alcohol use, expectancies and HIV-related sexual risk: a cross-sectional survey of male migrant workers in South India.

Male migrant workers (MMWs) in India are vulnerable to developing alcohol-related problems and engaging in unprotected sex, putting them at risk of HIV. Research has shown that alcohol-related expectancies mediate vulnerability to alcoholism. We examined which expectancies were associated with sexual risk and drinking.

Factors Influencing Treatment Plan and Post Operative Compliance in TMJ Ankylosis Patients: A Retrospective Analysis of Long Term Post Surgical Evaluation.

Background And Objective: Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint is a clinical entity significant for a maxillofacial surgeon. Since time immemorial humanity is battling with this condition which is not just disfiguring the normal anatomy of the face but severely hampers the function of mastication. In this study we have tried to evaluate and correlate various factors leading to causation of ankylosis of TM Joint along with clinical manifestation and treatment planning as well as outcomes.

Rehabilitation of a patient with gunshot injury through the iliac graft and implant-retained restorations with a 3-year follow-up: a brief clinical study.

Trauma is one of the most common causes of teeth loss. Assault with a gunshot and bullet shot is life threatening, and for patients who survive the injury, it results in hard and soft tissue loss in the tissues and organs crossed by the bullet. The tissue loss results in the loss of structure and function.

The versatility of the tongue flap in the closure of palatal fistula.

Aims Tongue flaps were introduced for intraoral reconstruction by Lexer in 1909. A retrospective study was performed in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, S.D.

Alcohol consumption patterns and sexual risk behavior among female sex workers in two South Indian communities.

Background: HIV transmission in India is primarily heterosexual and there is a concentrated HIV epidemic among female sex workers (FSWs). Earlier reports demonstrate that many FSWs consume alcohol regularly before sexual encounters. This qualitative study is part of a larger quantitative study designed to assess alcohol consumption patterns among female sex workers and their association with sexual risk taking.

Malignant melanoma of the mandibular gingiva.

Oral malignant melanoma is an infrequent neoplasia making up less than 1% of all melanomas, which exhibits much more aggressive behavior than those found on the skin. We present an aggressive case of oral malignant melanoma located on the mandibular gingiva in a 24-year-old male patient, who developed metastases to not only the regional lymph nodes but also the lungs and liver. The advanced stage of the disease contraindicated any surgical intervention and palliative chemotherapy was planned.

Congenital anomalies associated with cleft lip and palate-an analysis of 1623 consecutive patients.

Objective: To document the frequency and nature of associated anomalies in cleft lip and/or palate patients from a craniofacial center in India.

Setting: Craniofacial Surgery & Research Centre, SDM College of Dental Sciences & Hospital, Dharwad, India.

Patients/participants: A total of 1623 consecutive patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate treated in a 40-month period.

Two sides of the same story: alcohol use and HIV risk taking in South India.

This qualitative study examines the role of alcohol in sexual risk among male migrant workers and female sex workers in two South Indian states. Most men reported using alcohol for increased energy and courage prior to their sexual experiences and to reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation. Sex workers, on the other hand, often stated that they avoided alcohol prior to sex in order to stay alert and reduce the risk of violence.

Human leukocyte antigens DR and AB and kidney retransplantation.

Background: Although class II human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DR mismatching has been shown to demonstrate a significant effect on kidney regraft survival, it has not generally been clinically emphasized.

Methods: We examined 2,574 kidney retransplants performed in Southeastern Organ Procurement Foundation centers between January 1988 and December 1997 in which there was ABDR typing on both donor and recipient and pretransplant panel reactive antibody (PRA) data.

Results: Cox regression of multiple variables demonstrated that the most important risk factors in descending order were DR mismatching, non-white recipient, female donor, PRA as a continuous variable, and cold ischemia time.