HIV-1 single-transcription start-site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.

HIV-1 transcription initiates at two positions, generating RNAs with either 1G or 3G 5' ends. The replication fates of these RNAs differ, with viral particles encapsidating almost exclusively 1G RNAs and 3G RNAs retained in cells where they are enriched on polysomes and among spliced viral RNAs. Here, we studied replication properties of virus promoter mutants that produced only one RNA 5' isoform or the other: separately, in combination, and during spreading infection.

Empowering India's fight against cervical cancer: Harnessing routine HPV immunisation.

Cervical cancer, driven by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, presents a significant health challenge in India, marked by high morbidity and mortality rates among women. This systemic review synthesises the latest research on HPV epidemiology in India, evaluates the effectiveness of existing vaccination programmes and compares India's strategies with those of countries that have successfully mitigated cervical cancer burden. Despite available vaccines targeting high-risk HPV types, vaccine coverage remains suboptimal due to challenges, such as accessibility, vaccine hesitancy and socioeconomic barriers.

Long-term outcomes of women compared to men after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting-a propensity-matched analysis.

Background: Literature is not clear whether women experience increased mortality and adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Studies have shown that women had comparative outcomes to men in off-pump CABG (OPCAB). Hence, we undertook this study to understand the short- and long-term outcomes of women compared to men after OPCAB.

Design, safety and efficacy evaluation of gemcitabine-eluting nanoyarn-integrated heparinized self expanding metallic stents for long-term management of malignant biliary obstruction.

Malignant biliary obstruction presents a significant therapeutic challenge and has serious consequences including cholangitis and death. Clinically, biliary stenting using self-expanding metallic- stent(SEMS) relieves this obstruction. However, stent occlusion occurs with time due to tumor/epithelial in-growth and bacterial colonization.

A Pilot Dashboard System to Track Cumulative Exposure to Sound Levels during Music Instruction: A Technical Report.

Background:  Music-induced hearing loss (MIHL) is a critical public health issue. During music instruction, students and teachers are at risk of developing hearing loss due to exposure to loud and unsafe sound levels that can exceed 100 dBA. Prevention of MIHL in music students must be a desired action of all music educators.

Emerging AXL Inhibitors in Oncology: Chemical and Biological Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy.

AXL, a receptor tyrosine kinase, has emerged as a critical player in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies. Its aberrant activation drives cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis, making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of AXL inhibitors.

HIV-1 single transcription start site mutants display complementary replication functions that are restored by reversion.

HIV-1 transcription initiates at two positions, generating RNAs with either 1G or 3G 5' ends. The replication fates of these RNAs di\er, with viral particles encapsidating almost exclusively 1G RNAs and 3G RNAs retained in cells where they are enriched on polysomes and among spliced viral RNAs. Here, we studied replication properties of virus promoter mutants that produced only one RNA 5' isoform or the other: separately, in combination, and during spreading infection.

Trichosporon infection in chronic kidney disease patients from a tertiary care hospital - a case series or an outbreak? An unanswered question but a well-managed problem.

While the majority of spp. isolated in clinical laboratories are typically associated with episodes of colonization or superficial infections, this fungal species has gained recognition as an opportunistic pathogen, leading to invasive infections worldwide. In this article, we present a case series of spp.

Cardioprotective effect of 19,20-epoxydocosapentaenoic acid (19,20-EDP) in ischemic injury involves direct activation of mitochondrial sirtuin 3.

Aims: Although current clinical therapies following myocardial infarction have improved patient outcomes, morbidity, and mortality rates secondary to ischemic and ischemia reperfusion (IR) injury remains high. Maintaining mitochondrial quality is essential to limit myocardial damage following cardiac ischemia and IR injury. The mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) plays a pivotal role in regulating mitochondrial function and cardiac energy metabolism.

Trauma video review analysis: Increased provider movement impedes trauma team performance.

Introduction: Trauma team performance, measured by the non-technical skills scale T-NOTECHS, has been shown to impact patient outcomes. We assess how personnel movements affect non-technical skills and time of resuscitation(TOR) using trauma video review.

Methods: A prospective study of blunt and/or penetrating trauma activations recorded between May and November 2023 ​at a Level-I trauma center.

Giant Broad Ligament Leiomyoma: A Diagnostic and Surgical Challenge.

Broad ligament leiomyomas are rare tumors present outside the uterine body. The incidence of giant broad ligament leiomyomas (weighing over 3 kg) remains relatively rare. In this report, we present the case of a peri-menopausal woman who came in with a large abdominal mass.

What to do with a protruding coronary stent in the aorta?

Coronary artery stents protruding into the aorta is a rarely reported problem. Issues with the protruding stent include embolization and interference with aortic valve function. Management of this rare situation should be on an individualized basis.

Impact of an Auditory Processing Training Program on Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Children and young adults diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often report and exhibit significant auditory processing difficulties, particularly in background noise. This study extends our previous work by examining the potential benefits of a 12-week auditory processing training (APT) program designed to address the auditory processing difficulties in individuals with ASD via auditory training and the use of remote-microphone technology. Effect sizes of training benefits also were calculated, and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to consolidate performance across various tests into fewer meaningful constructs related to auditory processing in this population.

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Rare Incidence by Achromobacter xylosidans.

Liver cirrhosis results from progressive hepatic fibrosis and is generally considered irreversible. One of the many consequences of cirrhosis is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. This typically presents in patients with decompensated cirrhosis due to bacterial translocation, most commonly from the intestinal bacterial flora seeding into the ascitic fluid.

Molecular Analysis of Classical Swine Fever Virus Associated Field Infections Evidence Novel CSFV Sub Genotype in Tamil Nadu, Southern India.

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an endemic and major viral infection of Indian swine husbandry, contributing to great economic losses with multiple genotypes associated with vast clinical and subclinical outcomes. Molecular detection and genotyping of CSF virus directly from field samples has great application in disease monitoring and control measures hence this study aimed to isolate and characterize CSFV genotypes circulating in southern states of India. Fifty-seven porcine post-mortem tissues (lymph nodes, spleens, livers, lungs, and kidneys) collected from pigs suspected of systemic infections and sudden death with the history of live attenuated CSF vaccination from different regions of Tamil Nadu were used in this study.

Impact of floods and landslides on rhizosphere bacterial communities: a high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing study.

This study investigates the diversity and composition of soil bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of Attapadi and Nelliyampathy, prominent hill stations in Palakkad district, Kerala, India. The persistent flooding and landslides in 2018 and 2019 significantly impacted agricultural productivity in these regions. Utilizing high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq), we conducted a comprehensive analysis of soil samples.

Symbiotic and Nonsymbiotic Bacteria Associated With the Entomo-Pathogenic Nematode, Heterorhabditis spp (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) From South India.

Sixteen isolates of bacteria obtained from the entomopathogenic nematode (Heterorhabditis sp.) infected cadavers of Galleria mellonella larvae were identified following phenotypic characterization and molecular analysis of 16S rRNA. Two isolates were identified as the symbiotic bacterium, Photothabdus luminescens, while 14 other isolates were represented by nine species of nonsymbiotic bacteria viz.

Forkhead box O1 transcription factor; a therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Cardiovascular disease including diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) represents the leading cause of death in people with diabetes. DbCM is defined as ventricular dysfunction in the absence of underlying vascular diseases and/or hypertension. The known molecular mediators of DbCM are multifactorial, including but not limited to insulin resistance, altered energy metabolism, lipotoxicity, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy.

Aspergillus endocarditis.

Aspergillus endocarditis is a rare cause of fungal endocarditis caused by the hyaline mold Aspergillus. The disease most commonly occurs in persons who are immunosuppressed and has a high mortality. Clinical presentation is often with long standing fever, embolic manifestations, and often heart murmurs.

Observation of Strong Nuclear Suppression in Exclusive J/ψ Photoproduction in Au+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions at RHIC.

We report a measurement of exclusive J/ψ and ψ(2s) photoproduction in Au+Au ultraperipheral collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200  GeV using the STAR detector. For the first time, (i) the ψ(2s) photoproduction in midrapidity at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider has been experimentally measured; (ii) nuclear suppression factors are measured for both the coherent and incoherent J/ψ production. At average photon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 25.

Growth differentiation factor 15 alleviates diastolic dysfunction in mice with experimental diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a peptide with utility in obesity, as it decreases appetite and promotes weight loss. Because obesity increases the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease, it is imperative to understand the cardiovascular actions of GDF15, especially since elevated GDF15 levels are an established biomarker for heart failure. As weight loss should be encouraged in the early stages of obesity-related prediabetes/T2D, where diabetic cardiomyopathy is often present, we assessed whether treatment with GDF15 influences its pathology.

Speech-in-Noise and Dichotic Auditory Training Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Purpose: Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit auditory processing issues, including poor speech recognition in background noise and dichotic processing (integration of different stimuli presented to the two ears). Auditory training could mitigate these auditory difficulties. However, few auditory training programs have been designed to target specific listening deficits for students with ASD.