Clinical validation of electrochemical biosensor for the detection of methylglyoxal in subjects with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Methylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive by-product of glycolysis, is involved in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Elevated levels of MG have been correlated with micro-and macro-angiopathic complications in diabetes, including neuropathy, kidney disease, retinopathy, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, point-of-care devices for detecting MG may be of great use in the screening of diabetes complications.

Altered kinetics of circulating progenitor cells in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) associated vasoplegic patients: A pilot study.

Vasoplegia observed post cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with substantial morbidity, multiple organ failure and mortality. Circulating counts of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are potential markers of neo-vascularization and vascular repair. However, the significance of changes in the circulating levels of these progenitors in perioperative CPB, and their association with post-CPB vasoplegia, are currently unexplored.

Hyperinsulinemia promotes endothelial inflammation via increased expression and release of Angiopoietin-2.

Background And Aims: Angiopoietin-2 (ANG-2) mediates endothelial inflammation to initiate atherosclerosis and angiogenesis. Here we determined the serum levels of ANG-2 in hyperinsulinemic subjects and whether insulin increases its expression and release.

Methods: Healthy male subjects were recruited from the D-CLIP and CURES studies and, based on their fasting insulin levels, were classified as normoinsulinemic (n = 228) and hyperinsulinemic (n = 32).

Prevalence and implications of thyroid related embryological remnants: A prospective study of 1118 total thyroidectomies.

Context: Modern thyroid surgery has undergone a paradigm shift from subtotal thyroidectomy to an extended total thyroidectomy (TT) even for benign disorders. This entails removal of all embryological remnants even in benign disorders.

Aims: To study the prevalence of various embryological remnants of the thyroid and surgical utility and implications in preventing complications.

Gestational Weight Gain and Pregnancy Outcomes in Relation to Body Mass Index in Asian Indian Women.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the weight gain during pregnancy (using Institute of Medicine guidelines) among Asian Indians across different body mass index (BMI) categories (using World Health Organization Asia Pacific BMI cut points) and to compare the pregnancy outcomes in each of the different BMI categories.

Methodology: Retrospective records of 2728 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics and private maternity centers in Chennai, South India, from January 2011 to January 2014 were studied. Pregnancy outcomes were analyzed in relation to BMI and weight gain across different BMI categories.

Quantification of photocatalytic oxygenation of human blood.

Photocatalytic oxygenation of human blood is an emerging concept based on the principle of photocatalytic splitting of water into oxygen and hydrogen. This communication reports: (i) a design of a photocatalytic cell (PC) that separates the blood from UV (incident) radiation source, (ii) a pH, temperature and flow controlled circuit designed for quantifying the oxygenation of human blood by photocatalysis and (iii) measuring the current efficacy of ITO/TiO2 nano thin films in oxygenating human blood in a dynamic circuit in real time. The average increase in oxygen saturation was around 5% above baseline compared to control (p<0.

Glucose-induced increase in circulating progenitor cells is blunted in polycystic amenorrhoeic subjects.

Background: Glucose-induced kinetics of bone marrow-derived stem cells in healthy females is presently unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine whether circulating levels of CD133(+), CD34(+) and CD133(+)CD34(+) cells increase in response to glucose load in healthy females and whether the kinetics is altered in amenorrhoeic women. The other objective of the work was to compare the endothelial differentiation potential of peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from healthy versus amenorrhoeic women.

In vivo arginine production and intravascular nitric oxide synthesis in hypotensive sepsis.

Background: Arginine is important in the response to infections and is a precursor for the synthesis of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Low plasma arginine is correlated with a worse prognosis in patients with sepsis, and increased NO has been implicated in the hypotension of sepsis. Data on in vivo arginine and NO kinetics are lacking in hypotensive septic adults.