Malignant Transformation in Porokeratosis Ptychotropica: A Systematic Review.

Porokeratosis ptychotropica (PP) is a rare and unusual variant of porokeratosis. There is a dearth of information on the natural history, epidemiology, and optimal treatment options. This study aimed to characterize the worldwide distribution, epidemiology, clinical features, and treatments attempted for all reported cases of porokeratosis ptychotropica.

Mucosa-like differentiation of head and neck cancer cells is inducible and drives the epigenetic loss of cell malignancy.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly malignant disease with high death rates that have remained substantially unaltered for decades. Therefore, new treatment approaches are urgently needed. Human papillomavirus-negative tumors harbor areas of terminally differentiated tissue that are characterized by cornification.

Intraindividual Comparison of Image Artifacts of Two Generations of Rotatable Cochlear Implant Magnets.

In cochlear implant recipients, the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans is reduced by image artifacts. The static magnetic field of a 3.0T scanner is associated with the risk of implant demagnetization.

Characterization of non-invasive oropharyngeal samples and nucleic acid isolation for molecular diagnostics.

Molecular diagnostics is an increasingly important clinical tool, especially in routine sampling. We evaluated two non-invasive methods (oral swabs and mouthwashes) for sampling nucleic acids from the oral/pharyngeal area. We created a workflow from sample collection (n = 59) to RT-qPCR based analysis.

Inflammatory phenotypes may be more important than age and comorbidities in predicting clinical outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.

Objectives: In critically ill patients with COVID-19, distinct hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory phenotypes have been described, with different outcomes and responses to therapy. We investigated if similar phenotypes exist in non-severe illness.

Methods: Consecutive patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were examined.

Endolymphatic Hydrops Magnet Resonance Imaging in Ménière's Disease Patients after Cochlea Implantation.

Introduction: Cochlear implantation in patients with Ménière's disease (MD) is the treatment of choice in cases of functional deafness. Additional vertigo control is of central importance in this group of patients. Endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) is the pathophysiological correlate of MD and can be evaluated by magnet resonance imaging (MRI).

Corrigendum: A new device for the removal of cochlear schwannoma: A temporal bone study.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2023.

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)-Meta-analyses on the use of the HPV vaccine as adjuvant therapy.

Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis(RRP) is a rare disease with severe morbidity. Treatment is surgical. Prevailing viewpoint is that prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic benefit due to their modus operandi.

A new device for the removal of cochlear schwannoma: A temporal bone study.

Background: Intralabyrinthine schwannoma (ILS) is a rare, mostly unilateral disease that causes deafness. Different intralabyrinthine sites of ILS can occur and can be removed by different surgical approaches. Cochlear ILSs are frequently partially hidden by the modiolus and therefore difficult to extirpate.

Primary head and neck cancer cell cultures are susceptible to proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus infected lymphocytes.

Background: New concepts for a more effective anti-cancer therapy are urgently needed. Experimental flaws represent a major counter player of this development and lead to inaccurate and unreproducible data as well as unsuccessful translation of research approaches into clinics. In a previous study we have created epithelial cell cultures from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tissue.

Prospective Evaluation of 3 T MRI Effect on Residual Hearing Function of Cochlea Implantees.

Introduction: The approval process for MRI safety of implants includes physical observations and an experimental evaluation in artificial settings to simulate the in vivo effect. This contains the observation of temperature changes and artificial current generation by the magnetic field. From these findings, the safety of an implant and its effect on the patient can be estimated.

Hit and run oncogeneses in head and neck cancers requires greater investigation.

Head and neck cancers are unique in so far that two major oncogenic viruses, Epstein Barr virus (EBV) and Human papillomavirus (HPV) infect adjacent anatomy and cause nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Dominant recognized carcinogens are alcohol and tobacco but some head and neck cancers have been found to have mixed carcinogens (including betel leaf, areca nuts, slaked lime, viruses, etc.) involved in their oncogenesis and conversely, groups of patients with unknown or less dominant carcinogens involved in their development.

Review of potential medical treatments for middle ear cholesteatoma.

Middle ear cholesteatoma (MEC), is a destructive, and locally invasive lesion in the middle ear driven by inflammation with an annual incidence of 10 per 100,000. Surgical extraction/excision remains the only treatment strategy available and recurrence is high (up to 40%), therefore developing the first pharmaceutical treatments for MEC is desperately required. This review was targeted at connecting the dysregulated inflammatory network of MEC to pathogenesis and identification of pharmaceutical targets.

p53 Pathway Inactivation Drives SMARCB1-deficient p53-wildtype Epithelioid Sarcoma Onset Indicating Therapeutic Vulnerability Through MDM2 Inhibition.

Loss of the gene SMARCB1 drives the development of malignant rhabdoid tumors, epithelioid sarcomas, and other malignancies. The SMARCB1 protein is a core component of the SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) family of chromatin remodeling complexes, which are important regulators of gene expression and cell differentiation. Here, we use CRISPR-Cas9 to create germline smarcb1 loss of function in zebrafish.

Viral and Clinical Oncology of Head and Neck Cancers.

Purpose Of Review: This study assesses the current state of knowledge of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which are malignancies arising from the orifices and adjacent mucosae of the aerodigestive tracts. These contiguous anatomical areas are unique in that 2 important human oncoviruses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human papillomavirus (HPV), are causally associated with nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, respectively. Mortality rates have remained high over the last 4 decades, and insufficient attention paid to the unique viral and clinical oncology of the different subgroups of HNSCC.

Sunburn Prevalence is Underestimated in UK-Based People of African Ancestry.

Background: Eumelanin, the primary pigment in human epidermis, has a well-established photo-protective role. It can confer a protection factor of up to approximately 13.4 in some individuals.

Comparative Analyses of Tumour Volume Doubling Times for Periocular and Non-periocular Head and Neck Basal Cell Carcinomas.

Basal cell carcinomas are the commonest solid malignancy in humans and thought to grow faster in the periocular region. We measured growth rates between periocular and non-periocular nodular basal cell carcinomas in the head and neck region from high-resolution digital photos and operative notes. The non-periocular basal cell carcinomas (head and neck) showed a mean tumour volume doubling time of 129.

An Effective Primary Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro Model.

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a highly malignant disease and research is needed to find new therapeutic approaches. Faithful experimental models are required for this purpose. Here, we describe the specific cell culture conditions enabling the efficient establishment of primary cell culture models.

Specific Targeting of Oncogenes Using CRISPR Technology.

In recent decades, tools of molecular biology have enabled researchers to genetically modify model organisms, including human cells. RNAi, zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9), retro- or lentiviral gene transfer, and many other methods can be utilized to remove genes, add genes, or change their expression. Within the same timeframe, survival rates for many highly malignant tumor diseases have not improved substantially.

Stem cells in middle ear cholesteatoma contribute to its pathogenesis.

Cholesteatoma is a potentially life-threatening middle ear lesion due to the formation of an inflamed ectopic mass of keratinizing squamous epithelium. Surgical removal remains the only treatment option, emphasizing the need to gain a better understanding of this severe disease. We show for the first time that stem cells residing in cholesteatoma tissue contribute to disease progression.

Virus-Induced Cancers of the Skin and Mucosa: Are We Dealing with "Smoking Guns" or "Smoke and Mirrors" in the Operating Theatre?

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) alone is thought to cause ~610,000 cases of cancer per year, and is the dominant aetiological agent for ano-genital (esp. cervical) and head and neck cancers (esp. oropharyngeal).

CD8 T cell response to human papillomavirus 16 E7 is able to predict survival outcome in oropharyngeal cancer.

Introduction: Immunological response to human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development and progression of HPV16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) (accounting for the majority of viral associated cases) is largely unknown and may provide important insights for new therapeutic strategies.

Methods: In this prospective clinical trial (UKCRN11945), we examined cell-mediated immune responses to HPV16 E2, E6 and E7 in peripheral blood using IFN-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay. CD56, CD4, CD8 and regulatory T cell frequencies were also discerned by flow cytometry.