The seductive allure of neuroscience explanations.

Explanations of psychological phenomena seem to generate more public interest when they contain neuroscientific information. Even irrelevant neuroscience information in an explanation of a psychological phenomenon may interfere with people's abilities to critically consider the underlying logic of this explanation. We tested this hypothesis by giving naïve adults, students in a neuroscience course, and neuroscience experts brief descriptions of psychological phenomena followed by one of four types of explanation, according to a 2 (good explanation vs.

A doctor on the front line: Enrico Pajes (1912-1993).

We conducted an interview in the summer and autumn of 1991 with Dr Enrico Chaim Pajes, a Jewish Polish doctor who trained in Italy before World War II. Pajes was arrested when Italy entered the war in 1940. For the next three years he was rotated through various prisons.

Fulfilling institutional responsibilities in health care: organizational ethics and the role of mission discernment.

In this paper we highlight the emergence of organizational ethics issues in health care as an important outcome of the changing structure of health care delivery. We emphasize three core themes related to business ethics and health care ethics: integrity, responsibility, and choice. These themes are brought together in a discussion of the process of Mission Discernment as it has been developed and implemented within an integrated health care system.

The effects of CEO-board relations on hospital performance.

This article assesses the relationship between CEO-board relations and hospital financial performance. A study of 90 acute care California hospitals examined changes in the relations between the CEO and governing board over two time periods in 1985 and 1989. The results show that CEO-board participation is an effective governance mechanism that significantly enhances hospital performance.

Insiders and business directors on hospital boards and strategic change.

Many hospitals are eager to incorporate practices of boards in business organizations. Yet little evidence exists on the desirability of "corporate" board features in hospital settings. We examined the effects of two characteristics of corporate boards--the relative dominance of insiders and of directors with business-related occupations on strategic changes within hospitals.

Employer involvement in eldercare: an organizational adaptation perspective.

Social and demographic changes represent an important environmental challenge to organizations. Recent demographic changes in the United States have increased the potential importance of "eldercare" benefits in the workplace. In this research, I elaborate a number of important organizational and environmental determinants that influence the recognition and interpretation of eldercare issues and relate these considerations to the level of employer involvement in the care of elderly dependents, or eldercare.

Organizational performance and adaptation: effects of environment and performance on changes in board composition.

This study examined performance as a moderator of organizational adaptation to environmental change. Change in the composition of boards of directors was examined as a dependent variable reflecting organizational attempts to deal with changing external contingencies. We tested specific hypotheses in an analysis of 290 California hospitals over a seven-year period.

Turbulence at the top: a new perspective on governance structure changes and strategic change.

Organizational theorists have traditionally focused attention on the relationship between chief executive officer (CEO) succession and strategic change. This study extends that perspective and explores the effects of changes in an organization's management, ownership, and board of directors on the process of strategic change. The results of this research suggest that changes in ownership and board have significant independent and interactive effects on strategic change.

Theodore von karman and applied mathematics in america.

The emergence of applied mathematics as a discipline in the United States is traditionally associated with World War II. Hungarian-born Theodore von Kármán was among those who had waged a long and vigorous campaign well before the war to make applied mathematics respectable to engineers and mathematicians. While advocating the use of mathematics and physics to solve applied problems, he challenged the prevailing philosophy of engineering programs, locked horns with recalcitrant journal editors, and generally encountered the obstacles to building a discipline that cuts across conventional boundaries.

Preoperative chemotherapy followed by mastectomy for locally advanced breast cancer.

Six patients with advanced local-regional breast cancer were reviewed. Five out of the six patients previously had had radiation therapy as part of the initial therapy. All patients had preoperative cycles of combination chemotherapy, either CMF or CAF.

Carcinoma of the larynx with mucosubstance production and neuroendocrine differentiation: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the larynx appear to be extremely rare. We report a case of well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in the larynx of a 61-year-old white woman. This case was initially diagnosed as a lymph node metastasis in the neck from an unknown primary carcinoma.

Nonpalpable breast lesions discovered by mammography.

Specimen mammography has been used at our medical center since January 1976, for the purpose of localizing and confirming the removal of mammographically identified, nonpalpable breast lesions. Forty patients were studied between Jan 1, 1976 and MFay 31, 1979, and 11 of these were found to have carcinoma. Nine of this group had surgical procedures that included axillary lymph node excision and there were no patients with positive axillary nodes.