An Array of Glucose Nanozymes That Can Selectively Detect Glucose in Whole Blood.

Achieving sensors that can sensitively and selectively quantify levels of analytes in complex biofluids such as blood remains a significant challenge. To address this, we synthesized an array of isolated carbon nanochannels on a flat gold electrode that function as molecular sieves to prevent protein fouling and eliminate the need for antifouling layers. Utilizing a two-step pulsed technique, a reductive pulse expels negative interferences and fouling molecules followed by an oxidative pulse that oxidizes glucose at the bottom of the channel and on the gold surface.

Patient-Specific Circulating Tumor DNA for Monitoring Response to Menin Inhibitor Treatment in Preclinical Models of Infant Leukemia.

Background: In infant ()-rearranged (MLL-r) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), early relapse and treatment response are currently monitored through invasive repeated bone marrow (BM) biopsies. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood (PB) provides a minimally invasive alternative, allowing for more frequent disease monitoring. However, a poor understanding of ctDNA dynamics has hampered its clinical translation.

The electrochemical modulation of single molecule fluorescence.

Recently it has been shown that electrochemistry, instead of using high intensity lasers, can be used to modulate the intensity of emission of fluorophores and even switch fluorophores between their ON and OFF states as required for single molecule localisation microscopy. This modulation of fluorescence does not necessarily correlate with direct oxidation and reduction of the dyes. Questions arise from this unexpected observation related to what is the electrochemistry that occurs, what are the important variables in switching fluorophores electrochemically and what range of dyes can be modulated with electrochemistry.

Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogel as a 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimic for Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models enable us to understand cell behavior that is a better reflection of what occurs in vivo than 2D in vitro models. As a result, developing 3D models for extracellular matrix (ECM) has been growing exponentially. Most of the efforts for these 3D models are geared toward understanding cancer cells.

Search for Time-Dependent CP Violation in D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} Decays.

A measurement of time-dependent CP violation in D^{0}→π^{+}π^{-}π^{0} decays using a pp collision data sample collected by the LHCb experiment in 2012 and from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 7.7  fb^{-1}, is presented. The initial flavor of each D^{0} candidate is determined from the charge of the pion produced in the D^{*}(2010)^{+}→D^{0}π^{+} decay.

Physicians Are Unable to Consistently Predict Patient Health Literacy in a Breast Clinic.

Introduction: Health literacy (HL) is a patient's capacity to understand health information. Low HL is associated with worse cancer outcomes and adherence to treatment regimens. This study aimed to test physicians' ability to predict their patients' HL after an initial consultation to determine if routine HL screening is valuable.

Modification of χ_{c1}(3872) and ψ(2S) Production in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV.

The LHCb Collaboration measures production of the exotic hadron χ_{c1}(3872) in proton-nucleus collisions for the first time. Comparison with the charmonium state ψ(2S) suggests that the exotic χ_{c1}(3872) experiences different dynamics in the nuclear medium than conventional hadrons, and comparison with data from proton-proton collisions indicates that the presence of the nucleus may modify χ_{c1}(3872) production rates. This is the first measurement of the nuclear modification factor of an exotic hadron.

Have outcomes following colectomy in the United States improved over time?

Background: There has been tremendous effort to improve quality following colorectal surgery, including the proliferation of minimally invasive techniques, enhanced recovery protocols, and surgical site infection prevention bundles. While these programs have demonstrated improved postoperative outcomes at the institutional level, it is unclear whether similar benefits are present on a national scale.

Methods: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Targeted Colectomy data from 2012 to 2020 were used to identify patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) or open partial colectomy (CPT 44140, 44204) or low anterior resection (CPT 44145, 44207).

Advancing Synthetic Hydrogels through Nature-Inspired Materials Chemistry.

Synthetic extracellular matrix (ECM) mimics that can recapitulate the complex biochemical and mechanical nature of native tissues are needed for advanced models of development and disease. Biomedical research has heavily relied on the use of animal-derived biomaterials, which is now impeding their translational potential and convoluting the biological insights gleaned from in vitro tissue models. Natural hydrogels have long served as a convenient and effective cell culture tool, but advances in materials chemistry and fabrication techniques now present promising new avenues for creating xenogenic-free ECM substitutes appropriate for organotypic models and microphysiological systems.

Challenges and Opportunities for Single-Atom Electrocatalysts: From Lab-Scale Research to Potential Industry-Level Applications.

Single-atom electrocatalysts (SACs) are a class of promising materials for driving electrochemical energy conversion reactions due to their intrinsic advantages, including maximum metal utilization, well-defined active structures, and strong interface effects. However, SACs have not reached full commercialization for broad industrial applications. This review summarizes recent research achievements in the design of SACs for crucial electrocatalytic reactions on their active sites, coordination, and substrates, as well as the synthesis methods.

Nanopore Blockade Sensors for Quantitative Analysis Using an Optical Nanopore Assay.

Nanopore sensing is a popular biosensing strategy that is being explored for the quantitative analysis of biomarkers. With low concentrations of analytes, nanopore sensors face challenges related to slow response times and selectivity. Here, we demonstrate an approach to rapidly detect species at ultralow concentrations using an optical nanopore blockade sensor for quantitative detection of the protein vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).

Stochastic Electrochemical Measurement of a Biofouling Layer on Gold.

Adsorption of a biofouling layer on the surface of biosensors decreases the electrochemical activity and hence shortens the service life of biosensors, particularly implantable and wearable biosensors. Real-time quantification of the loss of activity is important for assessment of performance while presenting an opportunity to compensate for the loss of activity and recalibrate the sensor to extend the service life. Here, we introduce an electrochemical noise measurement technique as a tool for the quantification of the formation of a biofouling layer on the surface of gold.

Amplitude Analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} Decay.

An amplitude analysis of the B^{0}→K^{*0}μ^{+}μ^{-} decay is presented using a dataset corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7  fb^{-1} of pp collision data collected with the LHCb experiment. For the first time, the coefficients associated to short-distance physics effects, sensitive to processes beyond the standard model, are extracted directly from the data through a q^{2}-unbinned amplitude analysis, where q^{2} is the μ^{+}μ^{-} invariant mass squared.

Fraction of χ_{c} Decays in Prompt J/ψ Production Measured in pPb Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16 TeV.

The fraction of χ_{c1} and χ_{c2} decays in the prompt J/ψ yield, F_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}=σ_{χ_{c}→J/ψ}/σ_{J/ψ}, is measured by the LHCb detector in pPb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=8.16  TeV. The study covers the forward (1.

Observation of Cabibbo-Suppressed Two-Body Hadronic Decays and Precision Mass Measurement of the Ω_{c}^{0} Baryon.

The first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+} and Ω_{c}^{0}→Ξ^{-}π^{+} decays is reported, using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector between 2016 and 2018. The branching fraction ratios are measured to be B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}K^{+})/B(Ω_{c}^{0}→Ω^{-}π^{+})=[6.

Enhanced Production of Λ_{b}^{0} Baryons in High-Multiplicity pp Collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV.

The production rate of Λ_{b}^{0} baryons relative to B^{0} mesons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt[s]=13  TeV is measured by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of Λ_{b}^{0} to B^{0} production cross sections shows a significant dependence on both the transverse momentum and the measured charged-particle multiplicity. At low multiplicity, the ratio measured at LHCb is consistent with the value measured in e^{+}e^{-} collisions, and increases by a factor of ∼2 with increasing multiplicity.

Improved Measurement of CP Violation Parameters in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψK^{+}K^{-} Decays in the Vicinity of the ϕ(1020) Resonance.

The decay-time-dependent CP asymmetry in B_{s}^{0}→J/ψ(→μ^{+}μ^{-})K^{+}K^{-} decays is measured using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6  fb^{-1}, collected with the LHCb detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Using a sample of approximately 349 000 B_{s}^{0} signal decays with an invariant K^{+}K^{-} mass in the vicinity of the ϕ(1020) resonance, the CP-violating phase ϕ_{s} is measured, along with the difference in decay widths of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B_{s}^{0}-B[over ¯]_{s}^{0} system, ΔΓ_{s}, and the difference of the average B_{s}^{0} and B^{0} meson decay widths, Γ_{s}-Γ_{d}. The values obtained are ϕ_{s}=-0.