Hippocampal cingulum white matter increases over time in young people at high genetic risk for bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a strongly familial psychiatric disorder associated with white matter (WM) brain abnormalities. It is unclear whether such abnormalities are present in relatives without BD, and little is known about WM trajectories in those at increased genetic risk.

Methods: Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data were acquired at baseline and after two years in 91 unaffected individuals with a first-degree relative with bipolar disorder (HR), and 85 individuals with no family history of mental illness (CON).

Climate change-induced heat risks for migrant populations working at brick kilns in India: a transdisciplinary approach.

During the summer of 2015, India was hit by a scorching heat wave that melted pavements in Delhi and caused thousands of deaths, mainly among the most marginalized populations. One such group facing growing heat risks from both occupational and meteorological causes are migrant brick kiln workers. This study evaluates both current heat risks and the potential future impacts of heat caused by climate change, for the people working at brick kilns in India.

Hospital Workplace Violence Prevention in California: New Regulations.

In response to startling statistics in the increasing number of workplace violence (WPV) incidents against health care workers, California employers across the continuum of care are preparing their organizations to comply with California Occupational Safety and Health Administration (CAL/OSHA) regulation SB 1299. This groundbreaking legislation requires hospitals and other health care settings to implement written strategic prevention plans and broaden the identification and reporting of incidents related to WPV. Also included in the law is a minimum staff education requirement and formal risk identification and mitigation plans.

Within Your Control? When Problem Solving May Be Most Helpful.

Emotion regulation strategies have been conceptualized as adaptive or maladaptive, but recent evidence suggests emotion regulation outcomes may be context-dependent. The present study tested whether the adaptiveness of a putatively adaptive emotion regulation strategy-problem solving-varied across contexts of high and low controllability. The present study also tested rumination, suggested to be one of the most putatively maladaptive strategies, which was expected to be associated with negative outcomes regardless of context.

A proof of concept for assessing emergency room use with primary care data and natural language processing.

Objective: The objective of this study was to undertake a proof of concept that demonstrated the use of primary care data and natural language processing and term extraction to assess emergency room use. The study extracted biopsychosocial concepts from primary care free text and related them to inappropriate emergency room use through the use of odds ratios.

Methods: De-identified free text notes were extracted from a primary care clinic in Guelph, Ontario and analyzed with a software toolkit that incorporated General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) and MetaMap components for natural language processing and term extraction.

Lexical patterns, features and knowledge resources for coreference resolution in clinical notes.

Generation of entity coreference chains provides a means to extract linked narrative events from clinical notes, but despite being a well-researched topic in natural language processing, general-purpose coreference tools perform poorly on clinical texts. This paper presents a knowledge-centric and pattern-based approach to resolving coreference across a wide variety of clinical records from two corpora (Ontology Development and Information Extraction (ODIE) and i2b2/VA), and describes a method for generating coreference chains using progressively pruned linked lists that reduces the search space and facilitates evaluation by a number of metrics. Independent evaluation results give an F-measure for each corpus of 79.

Computerization of workflows, guidelines, and care pathways: a review of implementation challenges for process-oriented health information systems.

Objective: There is a need to integrate the various theoretical frameworks and formalisms for modeling clinical guidelines, workflows, and pathways, in order to move beyond providing support for individual clinical decisions and toward the provision of process-oriented, patient-centered, health information systems (HIS). In this review, we analyze the challenges in developing process-oriented HIS that formally model guidelines, workflows, and care pathways.

Methods: A qualitative meta-synthesis was performed on studies published in English between 1995 and 2010 that addressed the modeling process and reported the exposition of a new methodology, model, system implementation, or system architecture.

Evaluation of alert-based monitoring in a computerised blood transfusion management system.

Blood transfusion is a critical and multi-step process that can be lifesaving. At the same time, any mistakes can be life threatening. An electronic blood transfusion system has been designed to ensure the correctness and safety of the blood transfusion process.

Usability evaluation of a pilot implementation of the electronic clinical transfusion management system IT specification for blood tracking.

Safe working practices and patient safety are of critical importance in the administration of blood transfusion. While the use of information technology has been proposed to ensure the safety of this process, the usability of such systems has not previously been studied. We present the results of a usability evaluation of an electronic clinical transfusion management system being piloted by the National Health Service in England.

Automated recognition and post-coordination of complex clinical terms.

One of the key tasks in integrating guideline-based decision support systems with the electronic patient record is the mapping of clinical terms contained in both guidelines and patient notes to a common, controlled terminology. However, a vocabulary of pre-coordinated terms cannot cover every possible variation - clinical terms are often highly compositional and complex. We present a rule-based approach for automated recognition and post-coordination of clinical terms using minimal, morpheme-based thesauri, neoclassical combining forms and part-of-speech analysis.

Chromosomal aberration and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of a large human population sample. II. Extension of age range.

We have previously reported on a cytogenetic-epidemiological study of chromosomal aberration and sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of a cohort of 353 healthy employees of the Brookhaven National Laboratory (Bender et al., 1988). This sample has now been increased in order to extend the age range represented and, incidentally, the representation of non-white subjects.

Chromosomal aberration and sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral blood lymphocytes of a large human population sample.

In order to assess the potential of cytogenetic determinations on peripheral blood lymphocytes as a means of monitoring human populations subject to low level occupational and environmental exposures to chemical mutagens and carcinogens, accurate baseline data are required. Accordingly, we have determined mean frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and of sister-chromatid exchanges, their variances, and the sources of this variance in a cohort of 353 healthy employees of the Brookhaven National Laboratory. A detailed protocol was adopted for blood sampling, lymphocyte culture, cytogenetic preparation and scoring in order to minimize variation from these potential sources.

Evaluation of radiation-induced chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro: result of an IAEA-coordinated programme.

The results of an IAEA coordinated programme on radiation induced chromosomal aberrations in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro are presented. In a master experiment, a whole blood sample from one donor was irradiated with 200 R of X-rays. Different fixation times from 46 to 82 h were used.

The induction of chromosome-type aberrations in G1 by methyl methanesulfonate and 4-nitroquinoline-N,-oxide, and the non-requirement of an S-phase for their production.

Human lymphocytes were treated in G1 with 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and then incubated in the presence or absence of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). There was an increase in aberration frequency in those cells incubated with ara-C compared with those treated with 4NQO or MMS alone. This increase was restricted to chromosome-type aberrations.

The production of chromosome aberrations in various mammalian cells by triethylenemelamine.

The cytogenetic effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) were studied using five different mammalian tissues. Treatments of 0.1 and 0.