Comparative characteristics of quantitative indexes for 18F-FDG uptake and metabolic volume in sequentially obtained PET/MRI and PET/CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare quantitative indexes for fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and metabolic volume between PET/MRI and PET/CT.

Patients And Methods: Sixty-six patients with solid tumors (32 with lung cancer and 34 with pancreatic cancer) who underwent sequential fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET/MRI and PET/CT were retrospectively enrolled. On PET images, maximum and peak standardized uptake values (SUVmax and SUVpeak, respectively), and maximum tumor-to-liver ratio (TLRmax) were measured.

FDG Whole-Body PET/MRI in Oncology: a Systematic Review.

The recent advance in hybrid imaging techniques enables offering simultaneous positron emission tomography (PET)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in various clinical fields. F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET has been widely used for diagnosis and evaluation of oncologic patients. The growing evidence from research and clinical experiences demonstrated that PET/MRI with FDG can provide comparable or superior diagnostic performance more than conventional radiological imaging such as computed tomography (CT), MRI or PET/CT in various cancers.

Are Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System Categories Clear to Radiologists? A Survey of the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology Members on Ten Difficult-to-Classify Scenarios.

Objective: To evaluate possible variability in chest radiologists' interpretations of the Lung Imaging Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS) on difficult-to-classify scenarios.

Materials And Methods: Ten scenarios of difficult-to-classify imaginary lung nodules were prepared as an online survey that targeted Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology members. In each question, a description was provided of the size, consistency, and interval change (new or growing) of a lung nodule observed using annual repeat computed tomography, and the respondent was instructed to choose one answer from five choices: category 2, 3, 4A, or 4B, or "un-categorizable.

Guidelines for Management of Incidental Pulmonary Nodules Detected on CT Images: From the Fleischner Society 2017.

The Fleischner Society Guidelines for management of solid nodules were published in 2005, and separate guidelines for subsolid nodules were issued in 2013. Since then, new information has become available; therefore, the guidelines have been revised to reflect current thinking on nodule management. The revised guidelines incorporate several substantive changes that reflect current thinking on the management of small nodules.

Non-specific benign pathological results on transthoracic core-needle biopsy: how to differentiate false-negatives?

Objectives: To determine the negative predictive value (NPV) of non-specific benign results from cone-beam CT (CBCT)-guided transthoracic core-needle biopsy (TTNB) and identify predicting factors for false-negative for malignancies.

Methods: From January 2009-December 2011, 1,108 consecutive patients with 1,116 lung lesions underwent CBCT-guided TTNB using an 18-gauge coaxial cutting needle. Among them, 226 patients with 226 TTNBs, initially diagnosed as non-specific benign, were included in this study.

Discovery of a novel series of N-hydroxypyridone derivatives protecting astrocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced toxicity via improved mitochondrial functionality.

Astrocytes play a key role in brain homeostasis, protecting neurons against neurotoxic stimuli such as oxidative stress. Therefore, the neuroprotective therapeutics that enhance astrocytic functionality has been regarded as a promising strategy to reduce brain damage. We previously reported that ciclopirox, a well-known antifungal N-hydroxypyridone compound, protects astrocytes from oxidative stress by enhancing mitochondrial function.

Comparison of the effects of model-based iterative reconstruction and filtered back projection algorithms on software measurements in pulmonary subsolid nodules.

Objectives: To evaluate the differences between filtered back projection (FBP) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms on semi-automatic measurements in subsolid nodules (SSNs).

Methods: Unenhanced CT scans of 73 SSNs obtained using the same protocol and reconstructed with both FBP and MBIR algorithms were evaluated by two radiologists. Diameter, mean attenuation, mass and volume of whole nodules and their solid components were measured.

Development and validation of a prediction model for measurement variability of lung nodule volumetry in patients with pulmonary metastases.

Objectives: To develop a prediction model for the variability range of lung nodule volumetry and validate the model in detecting nodule growth.

Materials And Methods: For model development, 50 patients with metastatic nodules were prospectively included. Two consecutive CT scans were performed to assess volumetry for 1,586 nodules.

The role of dual-energy computed tomography in the assessment of pulmonary function.

The assessment of pulmonary function, including ventilation and perfusion status, is important in addition to the evaluation of structural changes of the lung parenchyma in various pulmonary diseases. The dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) technique can provide the pulmonary functional information and high resolution anatomic information simultaneously. The application of DECT for the evaluation of pulmonary function has been investigated in various pulmonary diseases, such as pulmonary embolism, asthma and chronic obstructive lung disease and so on.

Impact of Reconstruction Algorithms on CT Radiomic Features of Pulmonary Tumors: Analysis of Intra- and Inter-Reader Variability and Inter-Reconstruction Algorithm Variability.

Purpose: To identify the impact of reconstruction algorithms on CT radiomic features of pulmonary tumors and to reveal and compare the intra- and inter-reader and inter-reconstruction algorithm variability of each feature.

Methods: Forty-two patients (M:F = 19:23; mean age, 60.43±10.

PET imaging approaches for inflammatory lung diseases: Current concepts and future directions.

Inflammatory lung disease is one of the most common clinical scenarios, and yet, it is often poorly understood. Inflammatory lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, which are causing significant mortality and morbidity, have limited therapeutic options. Recently, new treatments have become available for pulmonary fibrosis.

Erratum: Multidetector CT Findings and Differential Diagnoses of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Metastatic Pleural Diseases in Korea.

[This corrects the article on p. 545 in vol. 17, PMID: 27390546.

Temporal Changes of Texture Features Extracted From Pulmonary Nodules on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Chest Computed Tomography: How Influential Is the Scan Delay?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the temporal changes of various texture features extracted from pulmonary nodules on dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (DCE-CT) and to compare the feature values among multiple scanning time points. We also aimed to analyze the variability of texture features across multiple scan delay times.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board of Seoul National University Hospital with waiver of patients' informed consent.

Retrospective assessment of interobserver agreement and accuracy in classifications and measurements in subsolid nodules with solid components less than 8mm: which window setting is better?

Objectives: To compare interobserver agreements among multiple readers and accuracy for the assessment of solid components in subsolid nodules between the lung and mediastinal window settings.

Methods: Seventy-seven surgically resected nodules with solid components smaller than 8 mm were included in this study. In both lung and mediastinal windows, five readers independently assessed the presence and size of solid component.

Multidetector CT Findings and Differential Diagnoses of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and Metastatic Pleural Diseases in Korea.

Objective: To compare the multidetector CT (MDCT) features of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and metastatic pleural disease (MPD).

Materials And Methods: The authors reviewed the MDCT images of 167 patients, 103 patients with MPM and 64 patients with MPD. All 167 cases were pathologically confirmed by sonography-guided needle biopsy of pleura, thoracoscopic pleural biopsy, or open thoracotomy.

Synthesis and evaluation of (+)-decursin derivatives as inhibitors of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

We synthesized (+)-decursin derivatives substituted with cinnamoyl- and phenyl propionyl groups originating from (+)-CGK062 and screened them using a cell-based assay to detect relative luciferase reporter activity. Of this series, compound 8b, in which a 3-acetoxy cinnamoyl group was introduced, most potently inhibited (97.0%) the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Quantification of Aortic Valve Calcifications Detected During Lung Cancer-Screening CT Helps Stratify Subjects Necessitating Echocardiography for Aortic Stenosis Diagnosis.

No study has been published on aortic valve calcification (AVC) extent at lung cancer screening low-dose CT (LDCT) and its relationship with aortic stenosis (AS). The purpose of this study was to estimate the cutoff value of AVC on LDCT for detecting AS in asymptomatic Asian subjects. Six thousand three hundred thirty-eight subjects (mean age, 55.

The effect of late-phase contrast enhancement on semi-automatic software measurements of CT attenuation and volume of part-solid nodules in lung adenocarcinomas.

Objectives: To evaluate the differences in semi-automatic measurements of CT attenuation and volume of part-solid nodules (PSNs) between unenhanced and enhanced CT scans.

Materials And Methods: CT scans including unenhanced and enhanced phases (slice thickness 0.625 and 1.

Persistent part-solid nodules with solid part of 5 mm or smaller: Can the 'follow-up and surgical resection after interval growth' policy have a negative effect on patient prognosis?

Objective: To investigate whether "follow-up and surgical resection after interval growth" can negatively influence recurrence or mortality in patients with persistent part-solid nodules (PSNs) with solid components ≤5 mm.

Methods: One hundred twenty five surgically resected persistent PSNs with solid components ≤5 mm in 125 individuals were evaluated. Of the 125 PSNs, 54 and 71 PSNs were categorized into interval growth and immediate surgery groups, respectively.

The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: Proposals for Coding T Categories for Subsolid Nodules and Assessment of Tumor Size in Part-Solid Tumors in the Forthcoming Eighth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer.

This article proposes codes for the primary tumor categories of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA) and a uniform way to measure tumor size in part-solid tumors for the eighth edition of the tumor, node, and metastasis classification of lung cancer. In 2011, new entities of AIS, MIA, and lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma were defined, and they were later incorporated into the 2015 World Health Organization classification of lung cancer. To fit these entities into the T component of the staging system, the Tis category is proposed for AIS, with Tis (AIS) specified if it is to be distinguished from squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCIS), which is to be designated Tis (SCIS).

Microscopic Invasions, Prognoses, and Recurrence Patterns of Stage I Adenocarcinomas Manifesting as Part-Solid Ground-Glass Nodules: Comparison With Adenocarcinomas Appearing as Solid Nodules After Matching Their Solid Parts' Size.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the frequency of microscopic invasions, disease-free-survival (DFS), and the frequency and pattern of disease recurrence between stage I pulmonary adenocarcinomas appearing as solid nodules and those appearing as part-solid ground-glass nodules (GGNs) after matching their solid parts' size (D(solid)) and patients' age. Among 501 patients who underwent curative surgery for stage I pulmonary adenocarcinomas between 2003 and 2011, 172 patients (86 with solid nodules [M: F = 36: 50; mean age, 62.8 years] and 86 with part-solid GGNs [M:F = 30:56; mean age, 63.

Simultaneous blockade of VEGF and Dll4 by HD105, a bispecific antibody, inhibits tumor progression and angiogenesis.

Several angiogenesis inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling pathway have been approved for cancer treatment. However, VEGF inhibitors alone were shown to promote tumor invasion and metastasis by increasing intratumoral hypoxia in some preclinical and clinical studies. Emerging reports suggest that Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) is a promising target of angiogenesis inhibition to augment the effects of VEGF inhibitors.

Software performance in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of software in segmenting ground-glass and solid components of subsolid nodules in pulmonary adenocarcinomas.

Method: Seventy-three pulmonary adenocarcinomas manifesting as subsolid nodules were included. Two radiologists measured the maximal axial diameter of the ground-glass components on lung windows and that of the solid components on lung and mediastinal windows.

Tumor Heterogeneity in Lung Cancer: Assessment with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging.

Purpose To evaluate histogram and texture parameters on pretreatment dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) images in lung cancer in terms of temporal change, optimal time for analysis, and prognostic potential. Materials and Methods This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board, and the requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. Thirty-eight patients with pathologically proved lung cancer undergoing standard pretreatment DCE MR imaging were included.

Perfusion parameters as potential imaging biomarkers for the early prediction of radiotherapy response in a rat tumor model.

Purpose: We aimed to compare various tumor-related radiologic morphometric changes and computed tomography (CT) perfusion parameters before and after treatment, and to determine the optimal imaging assessment technique for the prediction of early response in a rat tumor model treated with radiotherapy.

Methods: Among paired tumors of FN13762 murine breast cancer cells implanted bilaterally in the necks of eight Fischer rats, tumors on the right side were treated with a single 20 Gy dose of radiotherapy. Perfusion CT studies were performed on day 0 before radiotherapy, and on days 1 and 5 after radiotherapy.