Plasma exchange with albumin replacement for Alzheimer's disease treatment induced changes in serum and cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory mediator levels.

Objective: There is extensive literature indicating that inflammatory pathways are affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined whether plasma exchange with albumin replacement (PE-Alb) can impact the inflammatory status of AD patients and alter the relationship between inflammatory mediators and cognitive measures.

Methods: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 142 AD patients participating in the AMBAR trial (14-month schedule of PE-Alb treatment vs.

Indigo Carmine Chromoendoscopy for the Diagnosis of Minor Structural Alterations of the Vocal Fold Cover. A New Application for the Technique.

Introduction: Minor structural alterations (MSA) of the laryngeal mucosa are entities involving epithelial vocal cord covering modifications. Among differentiated structural alterations of the vocal cords are sulcus vocalis, epidermoid cysts, micro diaphragms, mucosal bridges, and vasculodysgenesis. While many of these MSA are evident and can be easily visible using conventional endoscopic methods, diagnosis can be difficult even with the help of stroboscopy.

Spontaneous Remission of Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm: A Case Report.

Spontaneous remissions (SRs) in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms (BPDCNs) are infrequent, poorly documented, and transient. We report a 40-year-old man presenting with bycitopenia and soft tissue infection. The bone marrow exhibited 3% abnormal cells.

Phospho-RNA-Seq Highlights Specific Small RNA Profiles in Plasma Extracellular Vesicles.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are bioactive molecules that can be detected in biofluids, reflecting physiological and pathological states. In plasma, sRNAs are found within extracellular vesicles (EVs) and in extravesicular compartments, offering potential sources of highly sensitive biomarkers. Deep sequencing strategies to profile sRNAs favor the detection of microRNAs (miRNAs), the best-known class of sRNAs.

Differential Gene Expression in Sporadic and Genetic Forms of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia in Brain Tissue and Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines.

Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease (ADAD) provide the opportunity to investigate the physiopathological mechanisms in the absence of aging, present in late-onset forms. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) causes early-onset dementia associated to tau or TDP43 protein deposits. A 15% of FTD cases are caused by mutations in C9orf72, GRN, or MAPT genes.

Cell Senescence-Related Pathways Are Enriched in Breast Cancer Patients With Late Toxicity After Radiotherapy and Low Radiation-Induced Lymphocyte Apoptosis.

Background: Radiation-induced late effects are a common cause of morbidity among cancer survivors. The biomarker with the best evidence as a predictive test of late reactions is the radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) assay. We aimed to investigate the molecular basis underlying the distinctive RILA levels by using gene expression analysis in patients with and without late effects and in whom we had also first identified differences in RILA levels.

Integrative Multi-omics Analysis to Characterize Human Brain Ischemia.

Stroke is a major cause of death and disability. A better comprehension of stroke pathophysiology is fundamental to reduce its dramatic outcome. The use of high-throughput unbiased omics approaches and the integration of these data might deepen the knowledge of stroke at the molecular level, depicting the interaction between different molecular units.

A Rejection Gene Expression Score in Indication and Surveillance Biopsies Is Associated with Graft Outcome.

Rejection-associated gene expression has been characterized in renal allograft biopsies for cause. The aim is to evaluate rejection gene expression in subclinical rejection and in biopsies with borderline changes or interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA). We included 96 biopsies.

Short-term emotional impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spaniard health workers.

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the short-term impact of 2019-nCoV outbreak on the mental/psychological state of Spaniard health care workers (HCWs) and to explore the influencing factors, including organizational factors.

Methods: A web-based survey (Google forms questionnaire) spread via professional and scientific associations, professional WhatsApp and email lists, following a snowball technique was used. Data were collected from May 11th and May 31st, 2020 RESULTS: : A total of 1407 subjects were included in final analyses.

A Mouse Brain-based Multi-omics Integrative Approach Reveals Potential Blood Biomarkers for Ischemic Stroke.

Stroke remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite continuous advances, the identification of key molecular signatures in the hyper-acute phase of ischemic stroke is still a primary interest for translational research on stroke diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Data integration from high-throughput - techniques has become crucial to unraveling key interactions among different molecular elements in complex biological contexts, such as ischemic stroke.

Chitinase 3-like 1 is neurotoxic in primary cultured neurons.

Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) is known to play a role as prognostic biomarker in the early stages of multiple sclerosis (MS), and patients with high cerebrospinal fluid CHI3L1 levels have an increased risk for the development of neurological disability. Here, we investigated its potential neurotoxic effect by adding recombinant CHI3L1 in vitro to primary cultures of mouse cortical neurons and evaluating both neuronal functionality and survival by immunofluorescence. CHI3L1 induced a significant neurite length retraction after 24 and 48 hours of exposure and significantly reduced neuronal survival at 48 hours.

Colorenal fistula after renal tumour cryotherapy.

Introduction: Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous cryoablation is increasingly utilized for renal cell carcinoma. Bowel injury is a known complication but is extremely rare. We herein present the case of a 58-year-old man diagnosed with a colorenal fistula after cryoablation of a left renal tumour.

Gene and miRNA expression profiles in PBMCs from patients with severe and mild emphysema and PiZZ alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

Introduction: COPD has complex etiologies involving both genetic and environmental determinants. Among genetic determinants, the most recognized is a severe PiZZ (Glu342Lys) inherited alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). Nonetheless, AATD patients present a heterogeneous clinical evolution, which has not been completely explained by sociodemographic or clinical factors.

Abscisic Acid Regulation of Root Hydraulic Conductivity and Aquaporin Gene Expression Is Crucial to the Plant Shoot Growth Enhancement Caused by Rhizosphere Humic Acids.

The physiological and metabolic mechanisms behind the humic acid-mediated plant growth enhancement are discussed in detail. Experiments using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) plants show that the shoot growth enhancement caused by a structurally well-characterized humic acid with sedimentary origin is functionally associated with significant increases in abscisic acid (ABA) root concentration and root hydraulic conductivity. Complementary experiments involving a blocking agent of cell wall pores and water root transport (polyethylenglycol) show that increases in root hydraulic conductivity are essential in the shoot growth-promoting action of the model humic acid.

Terahertz time domain spectroscopy allows contactless monitoring of grapevine water status.

Agriculture is the sector with the greatest water consumption, since food production is frequently based on crop irrigation. Proper irrigation management requires reliable information on plant water status, but all the plant-based methods to determine it suffer from several inconveniences, mainly caused by the necessity of destructive sampling or of alteration of the plant organ due to contact installation. The aim of this work is to test if terahertz (THz) time domain reflectance measurements made on the grapevine trunk allows contactless monitoring of plant status.

Superbackscattering nanoparticle dimers.

The theory and design of superbackscattering nanoparticle dimers are presented. We analytically derive the optimal configurations and the upper bound of their backscattering cross-sections. In particular, it is demonstrated that electrically small nanoparticle dimers can enhance the backscattering by a factor of 6.

Diagnostic and prognostic significance of flow cytometry immunophenotyping in patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.

Some patients with epithelial-cell cancers develop leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LC), a severe complication difficult to diagnose and with an adverse prognosis. This study explores the contribution of flow cytometry immunophenotyping (FCI) to the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from patients diagnosed with LC were studied using FCI.

Differences in cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory cell reaction of patients with leptomeningeal involvement by lymphoma and carcinoma.

Dissemination of neoplastic cells into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and leptomeninges is a devastating complication in patients with epithelial cell neoplasia (leptomeningeal carcinomatosis [LC]) and lymphomas (lymphomatous meningitis [LyM]). Information about the surrounding inflammatory cell populations is scarce. In this study, flow cytometry immunophenotyping was used to describe the distribution of the main leukocyte populations in the CSF of 83 patients diagnosed with neoplastic meningitis (LC, n = 65; LyM, n = 18).

Magnetic dipole super-resonances and their impact on mechanical forces at optical frequencies.

Artificial magnetism enables various transformative optical phenomena, including negative refraction, Fano resonances, and unconventional nanoantennas, beamshapers, polarization transformers and perfect absorbers, and enriches the collection of electromagnetic field control mechanisms at optical frequencies. We demonstrate that it is possible to excite a magnetic dipole super-resonance at optical frequencies by coating a silicon nanoparticle with a shell impregnated with active material. The resulting response is several orders of magnitude stronger than that generated by bare silicon nanoparticles and is comparable to electric dipole super-resonances excited in spaser-based nanolasers.

Kinetics of arsenite removal by halobacteria from a highland Andean Chilean Salar.

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify arsenite-oxidizing halobacteria in samples obtained from Salar de Punta Negra, II Region of Chile. Seven bacterial isolates, numbered as isolates I to VII, grown in a culture medium with 100 ppm as NaAsO2 (As (III)) were tested. Bacterial growth kinetics and the percent of arsenite removal (PAR) were performed simultaneously with the detection of an arsenite oxidase enzyme through Dot Blot analysis.

An unsuspected clinical condition: Appendicitis of appendicular residual, three cases report.

Introduction: Stump appendicitis is a rare complication of appendectomy unusually included in the differential diagnosis. This is found in appendectomized patients with similar symptoms to those of a previous appendicitis.

Presentation Of Case: We present three cases, two women and a man of 67, 30 and 24 years old, respectively.

Shank vessel injuries: the forgotten vascular injuries.

Introduction: Vascular injuries in branch vessels of the popliteal artery, such as the tibioperoneal trunk, and shank vessels, such as anterior, posterior tibial, and peroneal vessels, occur in both blunt and penetrating trauma. Their management has evolved significantly in the past few decades. While their incidence is variable, limb loss and morbidity remain significant.

Femoral vessel injuries; high mortality and low morbidity injuries.

Femoral vessel injuries are amongst the most common vascular injuries admited in busy trauma centers. The evolution of violence and the increase in penetrating trauma from the urban battlefields of city streets has raised the incidence of femoral vessel injuries, which account for approximately 70% of all peripheral vascular injuries. Despite the relatively low mortality associated with these injuries, there is a high level of technical complexity required for the performance of these repairs.