Kairos study protocol: a multidisciplinary approach to the study of school timing and its effects on health, well-being and students' performance.

Recent evidence from chronobiology, chssronomedicine and chronopsychology shows that the organisation of social time (e.g., school schedules) generally does not respect biological time.

Screen media use and sleep patterns in Spanish adolescents during the lockdown of the coronavirus pandemic.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate screen media use and sleep patterns among Spanish adolescents during the lockdown (LD) of the first peak of the coronavirus pandemic.

Methods: Cross-sectional community-based study of adolescents aged 11-18 years. An online questionnaire with queries about screen time, sleep, and other healthy habits was completed by parents or guardians.

Melatonin Levels in Children with Obesity Are Associated with Metabolic Risk and Inflammatory Parameters.

Melatonin, the hormone of circadian rhythm regulation, is involved in the modulation of mitochondrial activity through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Alteration of circadian rhythms such as sleep is related to obesity and metabolic pathogenesis in adulthood, but studies during childhood are scarce. The present study investigated the association of melatonin with metabolic and inflammatory markers in children with ( = 113) and without obesity ( = 117).

Melatonin Content of Human Milk: The Effect of Mode of Delivery.

Cesarean section rates are increasing in developed countries and could be performed as an emergency or elective procedure. Our research aim was to determine whether elective cesarean section influences the melatonin content, the main circadian hormone, in human milk. Twenty-one women after vaginal delivery and 18 women after elective cesarean section were included.

[The sleep in children with neurodevelopmental disorders].

Adequate sleep is of critical need for a typical synaptic development and brain maturation, a poor quality sleep can have detrimental effects on children's' cognitive attention, memory, mood regulation, and behavior functions. Great concern has been voiced out regarding the high prevalence of poor sleep in children worldwide, the effects of poor sleep may be even more pronounced in children with neurodevelopmental disorders; these children often have difficulties with falling and staying asleep and with night awakenings, this has a strong association with daytime behavior problems. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the state of the science of sleep in children with a neurodevelopmental disorder.

The connection of circadian rhythm to inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of chronic, immune system-mediated inflammatory diseases that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis of the intestinal lesions in IBD remains elusive, but the inflammation process could be the result of dysfunction of the innate and adaptive immune systems induced by genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, research has demonstrated a connection between environmental stressors that can influence day-night variations, also called circadian rhythms, and digestive health.

[Insomnia in children and adolescents. A consensus document].

Insomnia is very common during childhood (30% of children under 5), and causes a serious cognitive and emotional consequence in learning, as well as significant medical comorbidity. It also affects the quality of life, not only of the child, but also of the whole family. Paediatrician training in its diagnosis and treatment is usually poor.

Short Sleep Duration Is Related to Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Obese Children.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sleep duration on cardiovascular risk factors in obese children.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 90 obese children ages 7 to 16 years. Anthropometric and clinical evaluation with specification of dietary and lifestyle habits was carried out during an office visit.

[Epidemiology. Risk factors and genetic influence].

Epidemiological studies of sleep-disordered breathing in broad population samples are scarce. Nevertheless, currently available data indicate that habitual snoring is present in 7.45 % (95 % CI: 5.