Obstructive uropathy: Overview of the pathogenesis, etiology and management of a prevalent cause of acute kidney injury.

Obstructive uropathy is defined as the structural or functional interruption of urinary outflow at any level in the urinary tract. It is regarded as one of the most prevalent causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), accounting for 5%-10% of cases. Acute severe obstruction of the urinary tract is a potentially threatening situation for the kidneys and therefore requires prompt identification and management to relieve obstruction.

"Self-Designed Simulation-Based Laparoscopic Training Program for Urology Residents: Results After 6 Years of Experience".

Introduction: Learning laparoscopy (LAP) is challenging and requires different skills to conventional open surgery. There is a recognized need for a standardized laparoscopic training framework within urology to overcome these difficulties and to shift learning curve from patient to skills laboratory. Simulation-based training has been widely commented, but implementation in real day practice is lacking.

Environmental Conditions as Determinants of Kidney Stone Formation.

Urolithiasis is a disease characterized by the presence of stones in the urinary tract, whether in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. Its origin is multiple, and causes can be cited as hereditary, environmental, dietary, anatomical, metabolic, or infectious factors. A kidney stone is a biomaterial that originates inside the urinary tract, following the principles of crystalline growth, and in most cases, it cannot be eliminated naturally.

Value of Music and Nitrous Oxide for Pain Control during Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL).

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of 4 different analgesic regimens that include music and nitrous oxide during the treatment of renal lithiasis with ambulatory extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL).

Materials And Methods: A single-centre, longitudinal, prospective, randomized, open and parallel group study was conducted. Patients with renal lithiasis were included and were randomized to Group A (basal analgesia: midazolam (1 mg), fentanyl (0.

Recidivant infective lithiasis: Is it possible to defeat them?

Acidifying treatment and control of urinary pH may be an effective strategy to address recurrent lithiasic disease secondary to infective calculi. We present the case of a 39-year-old man with bilateral urolithiasis that led to episodes of complicated Reno ureteral colic.After undergoing multiple treatments by retrograde endourological surgery, he presented recurrence and progression of lithiasis disease, finally requiring percutaneous approach for treatment of a coralliform stone, after which he was free of lithiasis.

[Current status of Urological Education in Spain.].

Introduction: Urology is a medicalsurgical specialty that deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of medical and surgical conditions of the urinary tract and retroperitoneum in both sexes and of the male genital tract without age limit. The traditional method of training is based on the imitation of the skills and behaviors of the tutors, creating variability in the training between different centers and giving a passive role to resident internal physicians (MIR).

Legislative Framework: The 2006 BOE establishes the specific formative content in its theoretical, practical and scientific facets.

[Cystic displasia of the testis. Review of literature].

Objective: Review this pathology nowadays.

Methods: We search in Medline/PubMed database for reviews about cystic dysplasia of the testis. We review and discuss the relevant literature about it.

[Clinical presentation of renal cell carcinoma in renal transplant].

Objectives: To analyze the clinical presentation and therapeutic response of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) of the renal graft.

Methods: Analysis of the cases described in our centre and review of current literature.

Results: RCC has a higher incidence in transplant patients, affecting the graft in less than 10% of the cases.

[Bladder lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma. Bibliographic review and case report].

Objective: Lymphoepithelial-carcinoma or lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma is a rare tumour, the histology of which remembers nasal pharyngeal is lymphoepitheliomas. Their presence has been described in multiple localizations, but only 55 cases have been described in the bladder. We present a new case of bladder lymphoepithelial carcinoma and performed a review of all published cases, with the aim of defining its characteristics and try to obtain a therapeutic and prognostic guide applicable to this disease.