Toward a common interpretation of the 3Rs principles in animal research.

Many scientific breakthroughs have depended on animal research, yet the ethical concerns surrounding the use of animals in experimentation have long prompted discussions about humane treatment and responsible scientific practice. First articulated by Russell and Burch, the 3Rs Principles of Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement have gained widespread recognition as basic guidelines for animal research. Over time, the 3Rs have transcended the research community, influencing policy decisions, animal welfare advocacy and public perception of animal experimentation.

A 3D-Printed Dummy for Training Distal Phalanx Amputation in Mice.

The development of realistic dummies for training the distal phalanx amputation (DPA) technique in mouse pups is a promising alternative to reduce and replace animals in training for research and teaching. To test this, we obtained micro-CT data from postnatal day-five mouse pups, meticulously segmented them, and converted them into a 3D mesh format suitable for 3D printing. Once the dummy was printed, it was evaluated during actual training courses in two different groups: in the first group, users received no dummies to train the DPA, and in the second group, users were trained with three dummies.

Clicker Training Mice for Improved Compliance in the Catwalk Test.

The CatWalk test relies on the run of mice across the platform to measure a constant speed with low variation. Mice usually require a stimulus to walk to the end of the catwalk. However, such stimuli are usually aversive and can impair welfare.

Development of a 3D simulator for training the mouse in utero electroporation.

In utero electroporation (IUE) requires high-level training in microinjection through the mouse uterine wall into the lateral ventricle of the mouse brain. Training for IUE is currently being performed in live mice as no artificial models allow simulations yet. This study aimed to develop an anatomically realistic 3D printed simulator to train IUE in mice.

Investigation of a potential electrogenic transport-system for -inositol in the small intestine of laying hens.

1. -inositol (MI) is an essential metabolite for cell function in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to characterise the transport mechanism of MI in the small intestine of laying hens as there is a lack of knowledge about the MI uptake mechanisms.

Interrelationship of myo-inositol pathways with systemic metabolic conditions in two strains of high-performance laying hens during their productive life span.

Adaptation to metabolic challenges is an individual process in animals and human, most likely based on genetic background. To identify novel pathways of importance for individual adaptation to a metabolic challenge such as egg production in laying hens, myo-inositol (MI) metabolism and plasma metabolite profiles during the productive lifespan were examined in two genetically different strains, Lohmann Brown-Classic (LB) and LSL-Classic (LSL) hens. They were housed during the productive lifespan and sampled at 10, 16, 24, 30 and 60 weeks of age.

Research Note: Jejunum phosphatases and systemic myo-inositol in broiler chickens fed without or with supplemented phytase.

As a constituent of animal cells, myo-inositol (MI) has been hypothesized to be crucial in several metabolic and regulatory pathways. Recently, it was shown that dietary phytase contributes to release of MI from phytate in the poultry digestive tract, increasing its systemic concentrations. This study investigated the activities of phosphatases in the jejunum and systemic plasma MI concentration in broilers not supplemented or supplemented with phytase through analyses based on modifications from commercial enzyme activity kits.

Myo-inositol: its metabolism and potential implications for poultry nutrition-a review.

Myo-inositol (MI) has gained relevance in physiology research during the last decade. As a constituent of animal cells, MI was proven to be crucial in several metabolic and regulatory processes. Myo-inositol is involved in lipid signaling, osmolarity, glucose, and insulin metabolism.

Dietary phytase and -inositol supplementation are associated with distinct plasma metabolome profile in broiler chickens.

Phytase enzyme is used as a dietary supplement in broiler nutrition to improve phosphorous bioavailability. Phytase deliberates phosphate groups from phytic acid and produces myo-inositol after total dephosphorylation. Myo-inositol is a bioactive compound having beneficial modulatory effects on metabolism in humans.