Cross-Sectional Study on the Influence of Religion on the Consumption of Ultra-Processed Food in Spanish Schoolchildren in North Africa.

(1) Background: The consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) constitutes a public health problem given their high availability and easy accessibility among children and young people and their influence on the development of non-communicable diseases in the long term. In this context, culture and religion may be modulating factors for the consumption of processed food. The aim of this study is to assess the consumption of UPFs in Spanish schoolchildren living in Melilla (North Africa), together with the possible impact of religion on this.

Using different anthropometric indices of obesity as predictors for type 2 diabetes mellitus in older adults.

Background And Aims: There is some evidence that anthropometric measurements can be associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nevertheless, there is no comprehensive consensus on which anthropometric index is the best for evaluating the risk and predicting T2DM, especially in older adults. For this reason, we compared the performance of six indices for detecting T2DM in a population of Colombian older adults.

Assessing the Impact of Religion and College Life on Consumption Patterns of Ultra-Processed Foods by Young Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

(1) Background: University students, often constrained by time and influenced by socio-economic factors such as culture and religion, frequently adopt diets centred on ultra-processed foods (UPFs), increasing the risk of long-term non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess UPF consumption among Spanish university students and explore the potential impact of religion and the academic year on their eating habits. (2) Methods: In a cross-sectional study of 257 university students aged 18-31, UPF consumption was assessed using NOVA food classification at the academic year's start and end.

Comparative Analysis of Fluorescence Emission in Myricetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin Powders and Solutions.

Myricetin is a flavonol with high antioxidant properties. In this research, the fluorescence emission of myricetin powder and its solutions in different solvents were measured and analyzed by comparing with the results of calculations. Comparison of the calculated and measured characteristic wavelengths allowed the identification of all the spectral features in the fluorescence spectra of myricetin powder and solutions with different concentrations.

Interplay of Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein Composition and Adipokines in Obese Adolescents.

In the context of the alarming rise of infant obesity and its health implications, the present research aims to uncover disruptions in postprandial lipid metabolism and the composition of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in obese adolescents. A double-blind, controlled clinical trial in the postprandial phase on 23 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years was carried out. Twelve participants were categorized as obese (BMI > 30 kg/m and percentile > 95) and 11 as normal-weight (BMI = 20-25 kg/m, percentile 5-85).

cMetS Based on Z-Scores as an Accurate and Efficient Scoring System to Determine Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents.

The definition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) based on dichotomous cut-off points is efficient in the adult population. However, to date, there is no international consensus on how to define MetS in the pediatric population. For that reason, a continuous MetS score (cMetS) has been proposed for the pediatric population.

Potential Molecular Targets of Oleanolic Acid in Insulin Resistance and Underlying Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review.

Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural triterpene widely found in olive leaves that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and insulin-sensitizing properties, among others. These OA characteristics could be of special interest in the treatment and prevention of insulin resistance (IR), but greater in-depth knowledge on the pathways involved in these properties is still needed. We aimed to systematically review the effects of OA on the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the development of IR and underlying oxidative stress in insulin-resistant animal models or cell lines.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Fluorescent Properties of Morin.

Morin () is one of the most widely distributed flavonoids with several beneficial effects on human health, and has the potential of being used as a possible treatment for COVID-19. To achieve a better understanding of the process of dissolution, the fluorescent (FL) emission from solutions prepared with different polar and nonpolar solvents (methanol, DMSO, and chloroform) was measured and compared with the FL emission from powder and crystals. In the FL spectra of the solutions with high concentration, as well as in the spectra of in solid state, two features, at 615 nm and 670 nm, were observed.

Short Breastfeeding Duration is Associated With Premature Onset of Female Breast Cancer.

Currently, there is controversy concerning potential factors that contribute to the development of breast cancer. Our study analyzed the possible association between weight status, cigarette consumption, lactation period, serum estrogen levels, family history of breast cancer, and age at breast cancer diagnosis. We conducted a retrospective study at a University Hospital in Granada (Spain) by consulting the medical records of 524 women aged 19 to 91 years, all of them diagnosed and treated for breast cancer from 2011 to 2019.

Self-Care by Muslim Women during Ramadan Fasting to Protect Nutritional and Cardiovascular Health.

The practice of Ramadan involves a series of changes in lifestyle, mainly in eating habits. The research aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of overweight-obesity, the degree of compliance with dietary recommendations and the effects of religious fasting on cardiovascular health among a population of Muslim women living in Melilla, a Spanish city in North Africa. A follow-up cohort study was conducted on 62 healthy adult women (33.

Exercise dose on hepatic fat and cardiovascular health in adolescents with excess of adiposity.

Objective: The HEPAFIT study was aimed at examining the impact of a 6-month physical education intervention, considering various levels of exercise intensity, on hepatic fat and cardiometabolic health outcomes in adolescents with excess adiposity.

Methods: Adolescents (n = 120), 11-17 years with excess adiposity by body fat >30%, were randomly assigned to one of the following 4 groups for 6 months: (1) standard physical education lessons, control (CTRL); (2) high-intensity physical education (HIPE); (3) low-to-moderate intensity physical education (LIPE) and (4) combined HIPE and LIPE (PLUS). The primary outcome was hepatic fat content measured by vibration-controlled transient elastography (controlled attenuation parameter [CAP]).

Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on the dietary habits and lifestyle in a population in southern Spain: a cross-sectional questionnaire.

Background/objective: Few studies have assessed the effect of lockdown on physical activity and eating behaviours in a population from the Autonomous Community of Andalusia in southern Spain. The aim of our study was to describe the effect of COVID-19 pandemic home lockdown on eating habits and lifestyle in the Andalusian population.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on a population from southern Spain, Andalusian population.

Assessment of Different Atherogenic Indices as Predictors of Metabolic Syndrome in Spanish Adolescents.

Inconsistent results due to age, ethnic, and geographic differences have been found on the predictive capacity of atherogenic indices in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess the predictive value of 6 atherogenic indices for MetS in a Spanish adolescent population. A cross-sectional study was performed on 981 adolescents (13.

Oleanolic Acid-Enriched Olive Oil Alleviates the Interleukin-6 Overproduction Induced by Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins in THP-1 Macrophages.

Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpene that is highly present in olive leaves, has been proposed as a component of functional foods for the prevention of metabolic syndrome, due to its anti-inflammatory activity. We analyzed the effects of OA on inflammatory parameters and signaling proteins in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Thus, THP-1 macrophages were incubated with LPS for 48 h after pretreatment with OA at different concentrations.

Serum leptin as a mediator of the influence of insulin resistance on hepatic steatosis in youths with excess adiposity.

Background And Aims: The relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is well known; however, the extent to which the satiety hormone leptin acts as a confounder or mediator in this relationship is uncertain. We examined whether the association between IR and hepatic steatosis is mediated by leptin in Colombian adolescents with excess adiposity.

Methods And Results: A total of 122 adolescents (mean age: 13.

Peer Debriefing Versus Instructor-Led Debriefing for Nursing Simulation.

Background: Debriefing is the reflective process following the simulation experience. We aimed to compare the debriefing assessment and debriefing satisfaction perceived by nursing students who underwent different debriefing methods.

Method: An experimental study conducted on three groups (instructor-led debriefing, peer debriefing, and combined debriefing) was performed for 177 nursing students.

Concordance among diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome is inconsistent in Spanish adolescents.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS), although more frequent in adults, is a growing health problem in adolescent population. There are different criteria for the diagnosis, however without a consensus of which is the best to be used in this population. The heterogeneity of the different diagnostic criteria makes it necessary to carry out more studies that analyse the degree of agreement among these criteria.

Low intakes of vitamins C and A are associated with obesity in early adulthood.

To evaluate the relationships between the intake of individual antioxidants as well as the dietary antioxidant quality score and obesity-related measures. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 562 young adults. Fat mass, fat-mass percentage, and fat-free mass were measured using a body composition analyzer.

Stricter Adherence to Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and its Association with Lower Blood Pressure, Visceral Fat, and Waist Circumference in University Students.

How diet affects blood pressure (BP) in young adults has not been studied in sufficient depth. For this purpose, we analyzed adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern and BP in Spanish university students. The sample population of our cross-sectional study consisted of 244 subjects (18-31 years old), who were in good health.

Attitudes Toward Organ Donation: Differences Between Medical and Nursing Andalusian Students.

Introduction: A favorable attitude toward organ donation and transplantation (ODT) is fundamental among health professionals at the time of transplant promotion. In this sense, the training and awareness of professionals are fundamental.

Objective: To analyze the differences in the attitude toward ODT and the factors that condition it among Andalusian medical and nursing students.

Obesity- and Lipid-Related Parameters in the Identification of Older Adults with a High Risk of Prediabetes According to the American Diabetes Association: An Analysis of the 2015 Health, Well-Being, and Aging Study.

This study evaluated the predictive ability of 11 obesity- and lipid-related parameters, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), body roundness index (BRI), "A" body-shape index (ABSI), conicity index (CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), triglyceride-to-glucose fasting index (TyG), triglyceride-to-glucose fasting related to BMI (TyG-BMI), triglyceride-to-glucose fasting related to WC (TyG-WC), and triglyceride-to-glucose fasting related to WtHR (TyG-WtHR), to identify patients from an elderly Colombian population with a high risk of prediabetes according to the 2016 American Diabetes Association criteria. The data were obtained from the 2015 Colombian Health and Wellbeing and Aging Survey. A total of 3307 elderly Colombian individuals (aged over 60 years) were included.

Correction: Ramírez-Vélez, R.; et al. Validation of Surrogate Anthropometric Indices in Older Adults: What Is the Best Indicator of High Cardiometabolic Risk Factor Clustering? 2019, , 1701.

The authors would like to make the following corrections to the published paper [1]: (1) In the result section replace: On page 6, in the text of the Section 3 [...

Dietary Energy Density is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass in Early Adulthood.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the association between body composition parameters as well as body mass index (BMI), and dietary energy density in a population of 538 young adults. Fat mass, fat mass percent, fat-free mass, and visceral fat were measured using a body composition analyzer. Daily energy intake was assessed using a 72-hr diet recall, and dietary energy density was calculated.

Dietary Inflammatory Index Scores Are Associated with Pressure Pain Hypersensitivity in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Objective: Pain hypersensitivity has been described as one of the most disabling symptoms of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Here we analyzed the relationship between an anti-inflammatory diet profile and the pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) of tender point sites and other fibromyalgia-related symptoms in patients with FMS.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 95 women diagnosed with FMS and 98 menopause-status matched controls.